{"id":451,"date":"2018-12-11T12:37:45","date_gmt":"2018-12-11T12:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=451"},"modified":"2018-12-12T09:23:17","modified_gmt":"2018-12-12T09:23:17","slug":"bolometric-magnitude-and-bolometric-correction","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/chapter\/bolometric-magnitude-and-bolometric-correction\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolometric Magnitude and Bolometric Correction"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>1.\u00a0 Learning Outcomes<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">After studying this module, you should be able to<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">explain the meaning and significance of bolometric magnitude<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">understand how to compute bolometric magnitude for a black body<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">state the zero of the bolometric scale<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">carry out computation of absolute visual and blue magnitudes of stars as blackbodies<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">relate temperature to the colour index<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">grasp the meaning and importance of bolometric correction<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">appreciate the problems with the computation of bolometric correction and how these problems are being tackled<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2. Introduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In the last module we discussed the UBV system of photometry for stars. We explained how the magnitude of a star could be different at different wavelengths. \u00a0We discussed Johnson and Morgan UBV system and its extensions to other wavelength bands. We defined colour index and explained how it could be related to the surface temperature of a star. We then discussed the colour \u2013 colour diagrams and emphasized their use as tools for recognizing the various categories of stars and other objects.\u00a0 It was explained that starlight is differentially absorbed in the interstellar region and therefore stars appear redder than they actually are, a phenomenon called reddening or extinction. The difference between the observed colour and the actual colour of a star, the colour excess, is indicative of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium through which its light propagates. Lastly, the distinction between reddening and redshift was explained.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-463 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2037\" height=\"1526\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-462 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_03-e1544606058959.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2004\" height=\"2466\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-461 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_04-e1544606079592.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1988\" height=\"2615\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-460 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_05-e1544606104174.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1947\" height=\"2739\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-459 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_06-e1544606130660.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2004\" height=\"2582\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-458 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_07-e1544606156507.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1988\" height=\"2623\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-457 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_08-e1544606187468.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2136\" height=\"2673\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-456 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_09-e1544606212612.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2004\" height=\"2706\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-455 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_10-e1544606237616.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"2631\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-454 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_11-e1544606258726.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2013\" height=\"2697\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-453 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_12-e1544606280973.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1864\" \/> <img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-452 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_13-e1544606303733.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1922\" height=\"1584\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>References\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Absolute_magnitude<\/li>\r\n \t<li>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolometric_correction<\/li>\r\n \t<li>http:\/\/www.astro.princeton.edu\/~gk\/A403\/constants.pdf<\/li>\r\n \t<li>https:\/\/www.cfa.harvard.edu\/~dfabricant\/huchra\/ay145\/magnitudes.pdf<\/li>\r\n \t<li>http:\/\/home.strw.leidenuniv.nl\/~brandl\/OBSTECH\/Handouts_3sep.pdf<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ftp:\/\/ftp.osupytheas.fr\/pub\/gcomte\/LECTURES_Beijing_NAOC\/Exercises_in_Photometry\/exercise_bolometric_magnitudes.pdf<\/li>\r\n \t<li>https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/mamajeksstarnotes\/bc-scale<\/li>\r\n \t<li>http:\/\/spiff.rit.edu\/classes\/phys440\/lectures\/color\/color.html<\/li>\r\n \t<li>https:\/\/ned.ipac.caltech.edu\/level5\/Sept11\/Buta\/Buta15.html<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0 Learning Outcomes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">After studying this module, you should be able to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">explain the meaning and significance of bolometric magnitude<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">understand how to compute bolometric magnitude for a black body<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">state the zero of the bolometric scale<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">carry out computation of absolute visual and blue magnitudes of stars as blackbodies<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">relate temperature to the colour index<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">grasp the meaning and importance of bolometric correction<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">appreciate the problems with the computation of bolometric correction and how these problems are being tackled<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In the last module we discussed the UBV system of photometry for stars. We explained how the magnitude of a star could be different at different wavelengths. \u00a0We discussed Johnson and Morgan UBV system and its extensions to other wavelength bands. We defined colour index and explained how it could be related to the surface temperature of a star. We then discussed the colour \u2013 colour diagrams and emphasized their use as tools for recognizing the various categories of stars and other objects.\u00a0 It was explained that starlight is differentially absorbed in the interstellar region and therefore stars appear redder than they actually are, a phenomenon called reddening or extinction. The difference between the observed colour and the actual colour of a star, the colour excess, is indicative of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium through which its light propagates. Lastly, the distinction between reddening and redshift was explained.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-463 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2037\" height=\"1526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699.jpg 2037w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_02-e1544531892699-350x262.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2037px) 100vw, 2037px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-462 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_03-e1544606058959.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2004\" height=\"2466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_03-e1544606058959.jpg 2004w, 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class=\"aligncenter wp-image-461 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_04-e1544606079592.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1988\" height=\"2615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_04-e1544606079592.jpg 1988w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_04-e1544606079592-228x300.jpg 228w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_04-e1544606079592-768x1010.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_04-e1544606079592-778x1024.jpg 778w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_04-e1544606079592-65x86.jpg 65w, 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src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_06-e1544606130660.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2004\" height=\"2582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_06-e1544606130660.jpg 2004w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_06-e1544606130660-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_06-e1544606130660-768x990.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_06-e1544606130660-795x1024.jpg 795w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_06-e1544606130660-65x84.jpg 65w, 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src=\"http:\/\/phyp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_08-e1544606187468.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2136\" height=\"2673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_08-e1544606187468.jpg 2136w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_08-e1544606187468-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_08-e1544606187468-768x961.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_08-e1544606187468-818x1024.jpg 818w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2018\/12\/1523529937Module10Text_Page_08-e1544606187468-65x81.jpg 65w, 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\/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Absolute_magnitude<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolometric_correction<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/www.astro.princeton.edu\/~gk\/A403\/constants.pdf<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.cfa.harvard.edu\/~dfabricant\/huchra\/ay145\/magnitudes.pdf<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/home.strw.leidenuniv.nl\/~brandl\/OBSTECH\/Handouts_3sep.pdf<\/li>\n<li>ftp:\/\/ftp.osupytheas.fr\/pub\/gcomte\/LECTURES_Beijing_NAOC\/Exercises_in_Photometry\/exercise_bolometric_magnitudes.pdf<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/mamajeksstarnotes\/bc-scale<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/spiff.rit.edu\/classes\/phys440\/lectures\/color\/color.html<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/ned.ipac.caltech.edu\/level5\/Sept11\/Buta\/Buta15.html<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"menu_order":30,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["prof-v-b-bhatia"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[58],"license":[],"class_list":["post-451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-prof-v-b-bhatia"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":467,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/451\/revisions\/467"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/phyp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}