{"id":113,"date":"2018-10-23T09:53:17","date_gmt":"2018-10-23T09:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mgmtp09.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=113"},"modified":"2018-10-23T10:43:05","modified_gmt":"2018-10-23T10:43:05","slug":"msme-policy-in-india","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp09\/chapter\/msme-policy-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"MSME Policy in India"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Learning Outcome:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong>After studying this module the learners will be able to:\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • Understand the government approach towards the promotion and development of MSMEs;<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Explain the various policies of the government for the development of MSME sector;<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Evaluate each policy of government on various parameters\/components; and<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t
    • Choose the relevant policy for the establishment of enterprise.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 2.\u00a0<\/strong>Introduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n

      Industries have played an important role in the economic development of India during pre and post-independence era. Within the Industrial sector, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) holds one of the most important places in the Indian Economy. These enterprises contribute significantly to the economy via generation of employment, national income, foreign exchange, exports, and other measures. This sector accounts for 40 per cent of total manufacturing output and approximate 40 per cent of total exports. MSMEs contribute around 8 % of GDP. MSMEs are significantly contributing\u00a0in the economic development of the rural areas as well and are providing <\/span>largest employment to the ruralites. These enterprises are more <\/span>labour intensive and an important tool for rural industrialization. This sector is reducing regional imbalances and widespread income and wealth inequalities. Due to <\/span>these invaluable contribution of MSME sector, <\/span>government of India has initiated various programmes and policy measures for the promotion and development of this sector. During the last few years, <\/span>government of India has initiated many innovative and protective policy measures for this micro, small, and medium enterprises. Due to <\/span>liberal approach of government towards this sector, academicians say \u201cIndia has as <\/span>much industrial policies as it has industries\u201d. With this view, let us discuss the various policy initiatives of the government for the promotion of micro, small, and medium enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      3.\u00a0<\/strong>Overview of MSMEs<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) <\/strong>consist of those enterprises which are engaged in <\/span>production of goods which pertains to any industry and are specified in the first schedule of Industry Development &Regulation Act, 1951. These enterprises can be further classified as registered and unregistered Enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Registered Enterprises and Unregistered Enterprises<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Registered enterprises are those enterprises which are registered with some government department or board. Fourth All India Census on MSMEs defines registered enterprises as; those enterprises which are registered permanently with the state directorate of Industries\/ District Industries Centres (DIC) and Unregistered enterprises are those enterprises which are not registered with <\/span>directorate of Industries or DIC<\/span>.Further these registered and unregistered MSMEs are subdivided <\/span>in to those enterprises which are engaged in manufacturing activities and service providing activities on the basis of the amount of Investment. Investment amount means<\/span>;amount invested in the plant and machinery in case of <\/span>manufacturing sector and investment in <\/span>equipments in case of <\/span>service sector.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      3.1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Definition of MSMEs<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      As per MSME Development Act, 2006, following are the classification of MSMEs on the basis of their investment in plant & machinery and <\/span>equipments:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Manufacturing Sector<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      A.\u00a0<\/span>Micro enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>micro enterprise under <\/span>manufacturing sector where Investment in plant and machinery is up to Rs 25 lakhs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      B.\u00a0<\/span>Small enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>small enterprise under <\/span>manufacturing sector if investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs 25 lakhs but less than Rs 5 crore.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      C. M<\/strong><\/span>edium enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>medium enterprise under <\/span>manufacturing sector, if investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs 5 Crore but is less than Rs 10 crore.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Service Sector<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      A.\u00a0<\/span>Micro enterprise<\/strong>: An enterprise is classified as <\/span>micro enterprise under service sector if investment in equipment does not exceed Rs 10 lakhs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      B.\u00a0<\/span>Small enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>small enterprise under service sector, if investment in equipment is more than Rs 10 lakhs but less than Rs 2 crore.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      C.\u00a0<\/span>Medium enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>Medium enterprise under service <\/span>sector, if investment in equipment is more than Rs 2 crore but less than Rs 5 crore.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.\u00a0<\/strong>Policy Initiatives by Government of India for MSMEs<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      MSMEs which play such a pertinent role in the economic development <\/span>have been plagued with <\/span>number of problems and challenges. Majorities of enterprises under MSMEs are tiny and micro enterprises and these enterprises face problems of <\/span>labour, credit, shortage of market, low remunerative prices for the products, etc. These enterprises are prone to internal and external challenges like competition from big industries both domestic and International. Poor Quality and low standard of the product are another weak <\/span>area apart from <\/span>various threat posed by policies of <\/span>liberalisation and Globalisation. In light of the above, Government of India <\/span>have initiated <\/span>plethora of reforms and policies for the growth and development of these enterprises and entrepreneurs. Some of the major policies and reforms are as follow:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>MSME Development Act 2006 (MSMEDA 2006)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Before the MSME Development Act 2006 (MSMEDA, 2006), micro, small and, medium enterprises were considered as individual enterprises and there were different rules and regulation for them<\/span>.Though the need of all three <\/span>were same but they did not get appropriate attention from the <\/span>policy makers .These enterprises were in <\/span>lacklustre, only limited to rural areas, and were on verge of extinction. In order to promote, to enhance competitiveness, to provide market and to integrate these three tiers of enterprises, MSME <\/span>DevelopmentAct 2006 was enacted. The MSME Development Act 2006 came into effect on 2nd October 2006. Since the enactment of <\/span>law, both the Central and State Governments have taken effective steps towards implementation of the Act. <\/span>Government has also set up a separate Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Objective of the Act<\/strong>: MSMEDA, 2006 was enacted with the objective of promotion and development of MSMEs along with promoting competitiveness.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      The Important features of MSME act are as follow:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      1.\u00a0 The term \u201eEnterprise\u201f was suggested to be used in place of the term \u201eIndustry\u201f.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      2. Definitions of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in <\/span>manufacturing and service category on the basis of investment in plant & machinery and equipment (Definition is already discussed in <\/span>above section).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      3. Providing <\/span>the credit support for prospective entrepreneurs through various credit schemes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4. Treatment of each category of enterprise on the basis of their requirements.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.2<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>National Board for MSME<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Under MSME Development Act 2006, it was suggested to constitute a National Board for Micro, Small and Medium <\/span>Enterprises .The important functions of this board will be:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      i)\u00a0 \u00a0Critically review the various policies and programmes of the government.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      ii)\u00a0 Examine the various factors which hinder the promotion and development of MSMEs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iii) Suggest the measures which can lead the promotion and development of these enterprises along with enhancing their competitiveness.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iv) Provide suggestions to the central government to use the fund or different funds which are constituted under section 12 of <\/span>MSME act, 2006<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.3 Reservation of Products<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      To provide <\/span>assured market for the products produced by MSME enterprises and to counter the challenges and competition offered by the process of liberalization and globalization, government framed the policy for reservation of products which are exclusively manufactured by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The policy of reservation of products for micro and small enterprise sector started in 1967. The main consideration behind <\/span>the this policy was to counter the\u00a0<\/span>challenges of regional industrial imbalances, employment generation through self-employment ventures, etc. <\/span>Initially 821 items were reserved under the reservation policy<\/span>.Subsequently the number was reduced to 799 items in 2001-02, and then the list was further reduced to 20 items and in <\/span>year 2015, remaining 20 items reserved exclusively for MSMEs were de-reserved.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.4 National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      For the <\/span>long term survival of MSMEs in <\/span>global competitive environment and for the better adjustment of MSMEs in the competitive era of LPG, <\/span>government of India in the Budget of 2005-06, announced formulation of a National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP). There are eight components under NMCP, which are given below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      i)\u00a0 Support for Entrepreneurial and Managerial Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) through Incubator (INCUBATOR).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      ii)\u00a0 \u00a0Building Awareness on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      iii)\u00a0 National Programme for Application of Lean Manufacturing (LEAN).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      iv)\u00a0 Enabling Manufacturing Sector to be Competitive through Quality Management Standards and Quality Technology Tools (QMS\/QTT).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      v)\u00a0 \u00a0 Technology Upgradation and Quality Certification Support to SMEs (TEQUP).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      vi)\u00a0 \u00a0Marketing Assistance for SMEs and Technology Up gradation Activities (MARKETING).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      vii)\u00a0 Design Clinic Scheme to bring Design expertise to the Manufacturing Sector (DESIGN)<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      viii) Promotion of ICT in Indian Manufacturing Sector (ICT).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.5 Prime Minister\u2019s Task Force on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      The Government of India constituted a Prime Minister\u201fs Task Force on Micro, Small &Medium Enterprises (MSME) on <\/span>2ndSeptember, 2009, which subsequently submitted its report on 30th <\/span>January, 2010. The task force was constituted to discuss and reflect on the various issues which were raised by various associations and other stakeholders involved in these enterprises. The report made recommendations related to policy\/programme support, institutional matters and legal\/regulatory measures for the growth of MSMEs in the country. The areas on which recommendation <\/span>were made include credit, marketing, <\/span>labour issues, rehabilitation, exit policy, infrastructure\/technology\/skill development, taxation and special measures for <\/span>North-Eastern Region and Jammu & Kashmir. The Task Force in its report recommended for expanding the coverage and for strengthening the schemes\/programmes of the Ministry of MSME.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.6 Rajiv Gandhi UdyamiMitraYojana (RGUMY)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      With the objective of providing support and guidance to the entrepreneurs, <\/span>government launched Rajiv Gandhi UdyamiMitraYojana (RGUMY) in 2008. Under this scheme, financial assistance is provided to selected lead agencies called UdyamiMitras. This scheme provides assistance and support to the first generation entrepreneurs. First generation entrepreneur <\/span>are those entrepreneurs who have ventured into business for the first time. A <\/span>toll free helpline \u201eUdyami Helpline\u201f (1800-180-6763) is created to provide support, guidance, and assistance to first generation entrepreneurs as well as other existing entrepreneurs regarding various promotional schemes which are run by the Government. <\/span>Government also <\/span>providesinformationwhich is necessary for running enterprises through Udyami Helpline.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.7 Public Procurement Policy<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      To provide government support, <\/span>government of India notified Public Procurement Policy for Micro\u00a0<\/span>&Small Enterprises (MSEs) which is applicable <\/span>for every Central Ministry, department, <\/span>andPSU. This scheme came into force from 1st <\/span>April, 2012. Under Public Procurement Policy for MSEs, out of total procurement of every Central Ministry, department, and PSU, they should procure minimum 20 <\/span>per cent fromMicro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). In order to provide further leverage to <\/span>MSEsrun by SC\/ST people, under the above policy out of 20% target of annual procurement from MSEs, a sub-target of 4% is earmarked for procurement from MSEs owned by Scheduled Caste (SC)\/ Scheduled Tribe (ST) entrepreneurs. Further to support <\/span>MSEs and to reduce transaction cost of doing business, MSEs are facilitated by providing them tender sets free of cost, exempting them from payment of earnest money, adopting e-procurement to bring in transparency in tendering process.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.8 Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme (CGFS) for Micro and Small Enterprises<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      One of the major problems faced by <\/span>these enterprisesis lack of credit. <\/span>Non availability of credit at <\/span>reasonable rate has been <\/span>a main hurdle in the path of success of these enterprises. To solve this problem, Government of India launched <\/span>Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme on August 30, 2000. This scheme aims to provide credit without the need of keeping collateral to the micro and small enterprises. To facilitate this scheme<\/span>,Ministry of MSME and Small Industries Bank of India established a trust called <\/span>Credit Guarantee Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises. Under this scheme, the eligible candidates can borrow for both term loans and working capital facility up to Rs.100 lakhs per borrowing unit, which is extended further without any collateral security or third party guarantee, to a new or existing micro and small enterprise.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.9 Quality Upgradation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      MSME <\/span>are often criticized for not having good quality products, this is one of the main <\/span>obstacle for the marketing of the products. <\/span>Realising the given facts and to give <\/span>boost to quality improvement and for technology up gradation, <\/span>government launched a scheme to provide <\/span>incentive to those enterprises which have acquired ISO 9000\/ISO 14001\/HACCP certifications. The scheme envisages reimbursement of charges of acquiring ISO-9000\/ISO - 14001\/HACCP certifications to the extent of 75% of the expenditure, which is subject to a maximum of Rs. 75,000\/ in each case. This scheme is to encourage these enterprises to go for certification. Earlier, <\/span>main problem for certification was a bit expensive process of certification in terms of cost. So, with this policy, these enterprises are motivated to get certification and that <\/span>to at a subsidized price.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.10. Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      The shortage of capital is another hurdle in the growth and development of MSMEs. The <\/span>credit linked capital subsidy scheme try to remove this hurdle by providing <\/span>capital subsidy to these enterprises. Under this scheme, <\/span>capital subsidy is provided to entrepreneurs for <\/span>modernisation of their production <\/span>equipments and techniques<\/span>.Further under this scheme, a capital subsidy of 12 % is provided on the institutional finance availed by them for <\/span>introduction of upgraded\/modern technology in the selected sub-sectors or products which are approved under the scheme. Under this scheme, <\/span>actual loan amount should not exceed Rs 40 lakhs. Since 2004-05, this scheme is revised and now the ceiling for <\/span>loan is raised to Rs. 1 crore from Rs 40 lakhs and rate of subsidy now stand 15 %.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.11. Fiscal Support<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Government of India (GOI) provides various fiscal supports to small, medium, and large enterprises considering the different factors and unique nature of this sector. These fiscal measures include:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      i.\u00a0 \u00a0 Increase in General Excise Exemption (GEE) limit as well as eligibility limit for GEE.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      ii.\u00a0 \u00a0Liberal time for payment of statutory due like excise duty by extending the time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iii. Extension of GEE benefits upon <\/span>upgradation of <\/span>small enterprise into medium enterprise up to a fixed time period.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.12. Cluster Development Programme<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Due to globalization, it is difficult for small type enterprises to survive in isolation in this competitive environment. <\/span>Government of India, taking lead from UNIDO\u201fs cluster development programme had launched <\/span>Small Industries Cluster Development Programme (SICDP). This programme is now renamed considering the relevance of this sector as Micro and Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSECDP). The basic aim of this programme is overall development of cluster, development of Common Facility Centres (CFC), developing plot\/sites for enterprises, upgrading industrial infrastructure, <\/span>arrangement of exhibition halls, and creation of <\/span>need based infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.13. Technology Related Support<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Government at various levels tries to provide <\/span>technological supports to micro, small, and medium enterprises to enable this sector to compete in the global economy. Technology is a sound measure of competitiveness and survival in the competitive world. <\/span>Government made various provisions for the <\/span>upgradation of technologies of small enterprises:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      i.\u00a0 \u00a0 Development of four Training-cum-Product Development Centres (TPDC) for agro and food processing units at Small Industries Service Institutes (SISIs) to facilitate the promotion of MSEs in the food processing sector.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      ii.\u00a0 \u00a0Establishment of Central Footwear Training Institute (CFTIs) to strengthen, expand, and assist micro and small enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iii. Extension and promotion of <\/span>eco friendly technology for bricks manufacturing and electric pumps manufacturing enterprises to make them energy efficient and <\/span>eco friendly.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iv.\u00a0 Establishment of Technology Mission to assist Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.14. Enterprising and Management Support<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Government also provide entrepreneurial and managerial support to MSMEs through the following policy measures:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      i.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Organising Entrepreneurial Development Programmes (EDPs) for entrepreneurs from socially deprived classes and physically challenged persons.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      ii.\u00a0 Special training to entrepreneurs in the area of information technology, catering, food processing, and other emerging fields like biotechnologies, etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iii. Financial assistance to business schools and other selected institutes to run special <\/span>need based courses for entrepreneurs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iv.\u00a0 Special scheme launching capacity building programme, strengthening <\/span>data base of MSME sector.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      v.\u00a0 \u00a0Need assessment of enterprises to enhance the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      4.15. Other Measures<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Government is also providing support to <\/span>MSME sector through other policy measures:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

      i) Marketing support.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      ii) Empowerment of <\/span>women owned enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      iii) Strengthening of Prime Minister\u201fs RozgarYojna (PMRY), etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

        \r\n \t
      1. Summary<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

        \u00a0 \u00a0 Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises have emerged as an important segment of Indian economy over a period of time. These enterprises have potential solutions to the growing problems in rural and industrial sectors. On the one hand, they are important source of generating employment in rural areas and on the other hand, they are acting as major check on the problem of migration of people from rural to urban areas. Low cost, labour intensive nature, production& manufacturing techniques, and uniqueness of product produced in MSMEs gives these enterprises niche over the other enterprises. Despite of such immense contribution and important role, these enterprises have to face many challenges and problems like lack of credit, problem of labour, out-dated technology, and various marketing and financial constraints. To solve these problems and safeguard MSME sector, Government of India have drafted and implemented many schemes and policies for the welfare of these enterprises and entrepreneurs. Government of India is supporting this sector through various policy measures due to various advantages of these enterprises. Entrepreneurs can get the benefit of the government initiatives to run their entrepreneurial activities successfully. Government is trying to boost this potential sector through various means but it is up to entrepreneurs that how effectively they exploit this opportunity. Entrepreneurs can get assistance from various departments, offices and even from Ministry to set up and successfully manage an enterprise.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

        Learn More<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
        Few important sources to learn more about MSME Policy in India:<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        1. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2012). Annual Report 2011-12.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        2. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2012). Annual Report 2012-13.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        3. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2013). Annual Report 2013-14.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        4. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2015). Annual Report 2014-15.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        5. Misra,S.K. &Puri, V.K. (2011) Indian Economy. Mumbai: Himalaya Publication house.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        6. Datt.R.,.&K.P.M.Sundharm. (2011), Indian Economy. New Delhi: S.Chand&Co.Ltd.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        7. Khanka, S,.S. (2012). Entrepreneurial Development. New Delhi: S.Chand& Company Ltd.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        Points to Remember<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        i. Government is keen to promote micro, small, and medium enterprises.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        ii. Various policy initiatives have been taken by government for the promotion of MSME sector.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>\r\n
        iii. Before starting an enterprise, entrepreneurs must go through the policies of government.<\/div>\r\n
        <\/div>","rendered":"
        \n
          \n
        1. Learning Outcome:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong>After studying this module the learners will be able to:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Understand the government approach towards the promotion and development of MSMEs;<\/li>\n
          • Explain the various policies of the government for the development of MSME sector;<\/li>\n
          • Evaluate each policy of government on various parameters\/components; and<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Choose the relevant policy for the establishment of enterprise.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u00a0 \u00a0 2.\u00a0<\/strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Industries have played an important role in the economic development of India during pre and post-independence era. Within the Industrial sector, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) holds one of the most important places in the Indian Economy. These enterprises contribute significantly to the economy via generation of employment, national income, foreign exchange, exports, and other measures. This sector accounts for 40 per cent of total manufacturing output and approximate 40 per cent of total exports. MSMEs contribute around 8 % of GDP. MSMEs are significantly contributing\u00a0in the economic development of the rural areas as well and are providing <\/span>largest employment to the ruralites. These enterprises are more <\/span>labour intensive and an important tool for rural industrialization. This sector is reducing regional imbalances and widespread income and wealth inequalities. Due to <\/span>these invaluable contribution of MSME sector, <\/span>government of India has initiated various programmes and policy measures for the promotion and development of this sector. During the last few years, <\/span>government of India has initiated many innovative and protective policy measures for this micro, small, and medium enterprises. Due to <\/span>liberal approach of government towards this sector, academicians say \u201cIndia has as <\/span>much industrial policies as it has industries\u201d. With this view, let us discuss the various policy initiatives of the government for the promotion of micro, small, and medium enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            3.\u00a0<\/strong>Overview of MSMEs<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) <\/strong>consist of those enterprises which are engaged in <\/span>production of goods which pertains to any industry and are specified in the first schedule of Industry Development &Regulation Act, 1951. These enterprises can be further classified as registered and unregistered Enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Registered Enterprises and Unregistered Enterprises<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Registered enterprises are those enterprises which are registered with some government department or board. Fourth All India Census on MSMEs defines registered enterprises as; those enterprises which are registered permanently with the state directorate of Industries\/ District Industries Centres (DIC) and Unregistered enterprises are those enterprises which are not registered with <\/span>directorate of Industries or DIC<\/span>.Further these registered and unregistered MSMEs are subdivided <\/span>in to those enterprises which are engaged in manufacturing activities and service providing activities on the basis of the amount of Investment. Investment amount means<\/span>;amount invested in the plant and machinery in case of <\/span>manufacturing sector and investment in <\/span>equipments in case of <\/span>service sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            3.1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Definition of MSMEs<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            As per MSME Development Act, 2006, following are the classification of MSMEs on the basis of their investment in plant & machinery and <\/span>equipments:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Manufacturing Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            A.\u00a0<\/span>Micro enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>micro enterprise under <\/span>manufacturing sector where Investment in plant and machinery is up to Rs 25 lakhs.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            B.\u00a0<\/span>Small enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>small enterprise under <\/span>manufacturing sector if investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs 25 lakhs but less than Rs 5 crore.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            C. M<\/strong><\/span>edium enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>medium enterprise under <\/span>manufacturing sector, if investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs 5 Crore but is less than Rs 10 crore.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Service Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            A.\u00a0<\/span>Micro enterprise<\/strong>: An enterprise is classified as <\/span>micro enterprise under service sector if investment in equipment does not exceed Rs 10 lakhs.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            B.\u00a0<\/span>Small enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>small enterprise under service sector, if investment in equipment is more than Rs 10 lakhs but less than Rs 2 crore.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            C.\u00a0<\/span>Medium enterprise: <\/strong>An enterprise is classified as <\/span>Medium enterprise under service <\/span>sector, if investment in equipment is more than Rs 2 crore but less than Rs 5 crore.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.\u00a0<\/strong>Policy Initiatives by Government of India for MSMEs<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            MSMEs which play such a pertinent role in the economic development <\/span>have been plagued with <\/span>number of problems and challenges. Majorities of enterprises under MSMEs are tiny and micro enterprises and these enterprises face problems of <\/span>labour, credit, shortage of market, low remunerative prices for the products, etc. These enterprises are prone to internal and external challenges like competition from big industries both domestic and International. Poor Quality and low standard of the product are another weak <\/span>area apart from <\/span>various threat posed by policies of <\/span>liberalisation and Globalisation. In light of the above, Government of India <\/span>have initiated <\/span>plethora of reforms and policies for the growth and development of these enterprises and entrepreneurs. Some of the major policies and reforms are as follow:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>MSME Development Act 2006 (MSMEDA 2006)<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Before the MSME Development Act 2006 (MSMEDA, 2006), micro, small and, medium enterprises were considered as individual enterprises and there were different rules and regulation for them<\/span>.Though the need of all three <\/span>were same but they did not get appropriate attention from the <\/span>policy makers .These enterprises were in <\/span>lacklustre, only limited to rural areas, and were on verge of extinction. In order to promote, to enhance competitiveness, to provide market and to integrate these three tiers of enterprises, MSME <\/span>DevelopmentAct 2006 was enacted. The MSME Development Act 2006 came into effect on 2nd October 2006. Since the enactment of <\/span>law, both the Central and State Governments have taken effective steps towards implementation of the Act. <\/span>Government has also set up a separate Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Objective of the Act<\/strong>: MSMEDA, 2006 was enacted with the objective of promotion and development of MSMEs along with promoting competitiveness.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            The Important features of MSME act are as follow:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            1.\u00a0 The term \u201eEnterprise\u201f was suggested to be used in place of the term \u201eIndustry\u201f.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            2. Definitions of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in <\/span>manufacturing and service category on the basis of investment in plant & machinery and equipment (Definition is already discussed in <\/span>above section).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            3. Providing <\/span>the credit support for prospective entrepreneurs through various credit schemes.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4. Treatment of each category of enterprise on the basis of their requirements.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.2<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>National Board for MSME<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Under MSME Development Act 2006, it was suggested to constitute a National Board for Micro, Small and Medium <\/span>Enterprises .The important functions of this board will be:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            i)\u00a0 \u00a0Critically review the various policies and programmes of the government.<\/span><\/p>\n

            ii)\u00a0 Examine the various factors which hinder the promotion and development of MSMEs.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iii) Suggest the measures which can lead the promotion and development of these enterprises along with enhancing their competitiveness.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iv) Provide suggestions to the central government to use the fund or different funds which are constituted under section 12 of <\/span>MSME act, 2006<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.3 Reservation of Products<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            To provide <\/span>assured market for the products produced by MSME enterprises and to counter the challenges and competition offered by the process of liberalization and globalization, government framed the policy for reservation of products which are exclusively manufactured by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The policy of reservation of products for micro and small enterprise sector started in 1967. The main consideration behind <\/span>the this policy was to counter the\u00a0<\/span>challenges of regional industrial imbalances, employment generation through self-employment ventures, etc. <\/span>Initially 821 items were reserved under the reservation policy<\/span>.Subsequently the number was reduced to 799 items in 2001-02, and then the list was further reduced to 20 items and in <\/span>year 2015, remaining 20 items reserved exclusively for MSMEs were de-reserved.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.4 National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP)<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            For the <\/span>long term survival of MSMEs in <\/span>global competitive environment and for the better adjustment of MSMEs in the competitive era of LPG, <\/span>government of India in the Budget of 2005-06, announced formulation of a National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP). There are eight components under NMCP, which are given below:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            i)\u00a0 Support for Entrepreneurial and Managerial Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) through Incubator (INCUBATOR).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            ii)\u00a0 \u00a0Building Awareness on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            iii)\u00a0 National Programme for Application of Lean Manufacturing (LEAN).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            iv)\u00a0 Enabling Manufacturing Sector to be Competitive through Quality Management Standards and Quality Technology Tools (QMS\/QTT).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            v)\u00a0 \u00a0 Technology Upgradation and Quality Certification Support to SMEs (TEQUP).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            vi)\u00a0 \u00a0Marketing Assistance for SMEs and Technology Up gradation Activities (MARKETING).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            vii)\u00a0 Design Clinic Scheme to bring Design expertise to the Manufacturing Sector (DESIGN)<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            viii) Promotion of ICT in Indian Manufacturing Sector (ICT).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.5 Prime Minister\u2019s Task Force on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            The Government of India constituted a Prime Minister\u201fs Task Force on Micro, Small &Medium Enterprises (MSME) on <\/span>2ndSeptember, 2009, which subsequently submitted its report on 30th <\/span>January, 2010. The task force was constituted to discuss and reflect on the various issues which were raised by various associations and other stakeholders involved in these enterprises. The report made recommendations related to policy\/programme support, institutional matters and legal\/regulatory measures for the growth of MSMEs in the country. The areas on which recommendation <\/span>were made include credit, marketing, <\/span>labour issues, rehabilitation, exit policy, infrastructure\/technology\/skill development, taxation and special measures for <\/span>North-Eastern Region and Jammu & Kashmir. The Task Force in its report recommended for expanding the coverage and for strengthening the schemes\/programmes of the Ministry of MSME.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.6 Rajiv Gandhi UdyamiMitraYojana (RGUMY)<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            With the objective of providing support and guidance to the entrepreneurs, <\/span>government launched Rajiv Gandhi UdyamiMitraYojana (RGUMY) in 2008. Under this scheme, financial assistance is provided to selected lead agencies called UdyamiMitras. This scheme provides assistance and support to the first generation entrepreneurs. First generation entrepreneur <\/span>are those entrepreneurs who have ventured into business for the first time. A <\/span>toll free helpline \u201eUdyami Helpline\u201f (1800-180-6763) is created to provide support, guidance, and assistance to first generation entrepreneurs as well as other existing entrepreneurs regarding various promotional schemes which are run by the Government. <\/span>Government also <\/span>providesinformationwhich is necessary for running enterprises through Udyami Helpline.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.7 Public Procurement Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            To provide government support, <\/span>government of India notified Public Procurement Policy for Micro\u00a0<\/span>&Small Enterprises (MSEs) which is applicable <\/span>for every Central Ministry, department, <\/span>andPSU. This scheme came into force from 1st <\/span>April, 2012. Under Public Procurement Policy for MSEs, out of total procurement of every Central Ministry, department, and PSU, they should procure minimum 20 <\/span>per cent fromMicro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). In order to provide further leverage to <\/span>MSEsrun by SC\/ST people, under the above policy out of 20% target of annual procurement from MSEs, a sub-target of 4% is earmarked for procurement from MSEs owned by Scheduled Caste (SC)\/ Scheduled Tribe (ST) entrepreneurs. Further to support <\/span>MSEs and to reduce transaction cost of doing business, MSEs are facilitated by providing them tender sets free of cost, exempting them from payment of earnest money, adopting e-procurement to bring in transparency in tendering process.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.8 Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme (CGFS) for Micro and Small Enterprises<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            One of the major problems faced by <\/span>these enterprisesis lack of credit. <\/span>Non availability of credit at <\/span>reasonable rate has been <\/span>a main hurdle in the path of success of these enterprises. To solve this problem, Government of India launched <\/span>Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme on August 30, 2000. This scheme aims to provide credit without the need of keeping collateral to the micro and small enterprises. To facilitate this scheme<\/span>,Ministry of MSME and Small Industries Bank of India established a trust called <\/span>Credit Guarantee Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises. Under this scheme, the eligible candidates can borrow for both term loans and working capital facility up to Rs.100 lakhs per borrowing unit, which is extended further without any collateral security or third party guarantee, to a new or existing micro and small enterprise.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.9 Quality Upgradation<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            MSME <\/span>are often criticized for not having good quality products, this is one of the main <\/span>obstacle for the marketing of the products. <\/span>Realising the given facts and to give <\/span>boost to quality improvement and for technology up gradation, <\/span>government launched a scheme to provide <\/span>incentive to those enterprises which have acquired ISO 9000\/ISO 14001\/HACCP certifications. The scheme envisages reimbursement of charges of acquiring ISO-9000\/ISO – 14001\/HACCP certifications to the extent of 75% of the expenditure, which is subject to a maximum of Rs. 75,000\/ in each case. This scheme is to encourage these enterprises to go for certification. Earlier, <\/span>main problem for certification was a bit expensive process of certification in terms of cost. So, with this policy, these enterprises are motivated to get certification and that <\/span>to at a subsidized price.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.10. Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            The shortage of capital is another hurdle in the growth and development of MSMEs. The <\/span>credit linked capital subsidy scheme try to remove this hurdle by providing <\/span>capital subsidy to these enterprises. Under this scheme, <\/span>capital subsidy is provided to entrepreneurs for <\/span>modernisation of their production <\/span>equipments and techniques<\/span>.Further under this scheme, a capital subsidy of 12 % is provided on the institutional finance availed by them for <\/span>introduction of upgraded\/modern technology in the selected sub-sectors or products which are approved under the scheme. Under this scheme, <\/span>actual loan amount should not exceed Rs 40 lakhs. Since 2004-05, this scheme is revised and now the ceiling for <\/span>loan is raised to Rs. 1 crore from Rs 40 lakhs and rate of subsidy now stand 15 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.11. Fiscal Support<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Government of India (GOI) provides various fiscal supports to small, medium, and large enterprises considering the different factors and unique nature of this sector. These fiscal measures include:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            i.\u00a0 \u00a0 Increase in General Excise Exemption (GEE) limit as well as eligibility limit for GEE.<\/span><\/p>\n

            ii.\u00a0 \u00a0Liberal time for payment of statutory due like excise duty by extending the time.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iii. Extension of GEE benefits upon <\/span>upgradation of <\/span>small enterprise into medium enterprise up to a fixed time period.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.12. Cluster Development Programme<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Due to globalization, it is difficult for small type enterprises to survive in isolation in this competitive environment. <\/span>Government of India, taking lead from UNIDO\u201fs cluster development programme had launched <\/span>Small Industries Cluster Development Programme (SICDP). This programme is now renamed considering the relevance of this sector as Micro and Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSECDP). The basic aim of this programme is overall development of cluster, development of Common Facility Centres (CFC), developing plot\/sites for enterprises, upgrading industrial infrastructure, <\/span>arrangement of exhibition halls, and creation of <\/span>need based infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.13. Technology Related Support<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Government at various levels tries to provide <\/span>technological supports to micro, small, and medium enterprises to enable this sector to compete in the global economy. Technology is a sound measure of competitiveness and survival in the competitive world. <\/span>Government made various provisions for the <\/span>upgradation of technologies of small enterprises:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            i.\u00a0 \u00a0 Development of four Training-cum-Product Development Centres (TPDC) for agro and food processing units at Small Industries Service Institutes (SISIs) to facilitate the promotion of MSEs in the food processing sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

            ii.\u00a0 \u00a0Establishment of Central Footwear Training Institute (CFTIs) to strengthen, expand, and assist micro and small enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iii. Extension and promotion of <\/span>eco friendly technology for bricks manufacturing and electric pumps manufacturing enterprises to make them energy efficient and <\/span>eco friendly.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iv.\u00a0 Establishment of Technology Mission to assist Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.14. Enterprising and Management Support<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Government also provide entrepreneurial and managerial support to MSMEs through the following policy measures:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            i.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Organising Entrepreneurial Development Programmes (EDPs) for entrepreneurs from socially deprived classes and physically challenged persons.<\/span><\/p>\n

            ii.\u00a0 Special training to entrepreneurs in the area of information technology, catering, food processing, and other emerging fields like biotechnologies, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iii. Financial assistance to business schools and other selected institutes to run special <\/span>need based courses for entrepreneurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iv.\u00a0 Special scheme launching capacity building programme, strengthening <\/span>data base of MSME sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

            v.\u00a0 \u00a0Need assessment of enterprises to enhance the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            4.15. Other Measures<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Government is also providing support to <\/span>MSME sector through other policy measures:<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            i) Marketing support.<\/span><\/p>\n

            ii) Empowerment of <\/span>women owned enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n

            iii) Strengthening of Prime Minister\u201fs RozgarYojna (PMRY), etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

              \n
            1. Summary<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u00a0 \u00a0 Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises have emerged as an important segment of Indian economy over a period of time. These enterprises have potential solutions to the growing problems in rural and industrial sectors. On the one hand, they are important source of generating employment in rural areas and on the other hand, they are acting as major check on the problem of migration of people from rural to urban areas. Low cost, labour intensive nature, production& manufacturing techniques, and uniqueness of product produced in MSMEs gives these enterprises niche over the other enterprises. Despite of such immense contribution and important role, these enterprises have to face many challenges and problems like lack of credit, problem of labour, out-dated technology, and various marketing and financial constraints. To solve these problems and safeguard MSME sector, Government of India have drafted and implemented many schemes and policies for the welfare of these enterprises and entrepreneurs. Government of India is supporting this sector through various policy measures due to various advantages of these enterprises. Entrepreneurs can get the benefit of the government initiatives to run their entrepreneurial activities successfully. Government is trying to boost this potential sector through various means but it is up to entrepreneurs that how effectively they exploit this opportunity. Entrepreneurs can get assistance from various departments, offices and even from Ministry to set up and successfully manage an enterprise.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              Learn More<\/strong><\/div>\n
              Few important sources to learn more about MSME Policy in India:<\/strong><\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              1. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2012). Annual Report 2011-12.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              2. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2012). Annual Report 2012-13.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              3. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2013). Annual Report 2013-14.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              4. Ministry of Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises, GOI. (2015). Annual Report 2014-15.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              5. Misra,S.K. &Puri, V.K. (2011) Indian Economy. Mumbai: Himalaya Publication house.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              6. Datt.R.,.&K.P.M.Sundharm. (2011), Indian Economy. New Delhi: S.Chand&Co.Ltd.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              7. Khanka, S,.S. (2012). Entrepreneurial Development. New Delhi: S.Chand& Company Ltd.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              Points to Remember<\/strong><\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              i. Government is keen to promote micro, small, and medium enterprises.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              ii. Various policy initiatives have been taken by government for the promotion of MSME sector.<\/div>\n
              <\/div>\n
              iii. Before starting an enterprise, entrepreneurs must go through the policies of government.<\/div>\n
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