{"id":242,"date":"2018-10-22T05:11:02","date_gmt":"2018-10-22T05:11:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=242"},"modified":"2019-01-15T05:48:01","modified_gmt":"2019-01-15T05:48:01","slug":"internet-intranet-extranetmis-enterprise","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/chapter\/internet-intranet-extranetmis-enterprise\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet, Intranet, Extranet,MIS &amp; Enterprise"},"content":{"raw":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cOQlqtF3GA4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">After completing this module the students will be able to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\r\n \t<li>Understand the basic E-Business Infrastructure components.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand the fundamentals of network technologies.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand the basics features of Internet, Intranet, Extranet, MIS and Enterprise.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand the applications and differences between Internet, Intranet and Extranet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand industry applications of network technologies.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify\" start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Last decade of the 20th century saw emergence and convergence of number of new technologies,affecting the business in style, culture and process of execution. The four prominent technologies are Networking, Communication, Internet and Computing. These technologies have acted as strong pillars for corporations by way of providing easy access to data, sharing of information, and integrated use of technology irrespective of the physical distances.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet has given a new dimension to information sharing and accessibility. Communication, conversation, files transfer and networked technologies in various physical geographies are possible due to the World Wide Web. Internet, Extranet and Intranet (Figure 1) are such derivates that use networking protocols to function and give a competitive edge in business.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-243 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-120.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"424\" height=\"279\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.1 Internet<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet is the world\u2019s largest computer network. It is a worldwide network of computers that use common communication standards and interfaces to provide the physical backbone for a number of interesting applications. Department of Defense, United States of America holds credit for the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). Established in the periphery of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration it was thought to be restricted for academic and research purposes only. Exhibit 1 highlights the statement by Joshua Lederberg, an American molecular biologist regarding the use of internet for research purposes only in the early years of internet inception. But today, the internet is a public, cooperative and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-244 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-121.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"545\" height=\"232\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Features of the Internet:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Internet today has made it possible for the corporations to exchange data, news and opinions on web servers. It is estimated that roughly more than 100 countries are connected through internet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet uses a portion of the total resources of the currently existing public telecommunication networks. What distinguishes the internet is its use of a set of protocols called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP). Two recent adaptations of internet technology, the intranet and the extranet, also make use of the TCP\/IP protocol.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet is decentralized by design unlike other online services which are centrally controlled.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Each internet computer or host is independent.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Internet was\u00a0 commercially\u00a0 used\u00a0 once\u00a0 the\u00a0 understanding\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 HTML\u00a0 (Hyper\u00a0 TextMarkup Language) commenced in 1990\u2019s where multiple file types such as audio, video, text, images could be hyperlinked to other documents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Various files and documents can be located by a user on World Wide Web by simply clicking a mouse on a given link or locating them using a search engine.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Variety of hardware and software is used to make the internet functional as demonstrated in Exhibit 2 and listed below:<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-245 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-122.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"527\" height=\"237\" \/>\r\n<div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Modem <\/em>\u2013 It is hardware equipment that enables data transmission over a telephone line. In this case a modem performs the function of modulation \u2013 demodulation. The information stored is in a digital format whereas the information when transmitted is analog.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Computer <\/em>\u2013 An electronic device which receives information and processes a set of instructions to produce an output.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Web TV <\/em>\u2013 It is a terminal to be attached to the users TV which enables to display and navigate internet through a keyboard.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Software <\/em>- Two types of software are needed to enable the Personal Computer (PC) as an Internet PC. Communication software to establish TCP\/IP connection to the server and Client software for each activity such as browsing e-mails, news etc (Exhibit 3).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-246 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-123.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"251\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Applications of the Internet \u2013<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet is a powerful tool and its major applications are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Help searching the web addresses for access through search engines.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Downloading programs and files which can be saved or stored on ones local personal computer for use.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Email <\/em>\u2013 One can send and receive emails from an address book which is a built in feature to store addresses that are used frequently.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Mailing list <\/em>\u2013 It allows to join a mailing list to receive and send messages to interested members of the groups.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Voice &amp; video conferencing <\/em>\u2013 Voice &amp; video conferencing allows one to conduct meetings through a remote location without being physically present. Exhibit 4 depicts the image of an ongoing voice and video conference.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-247 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-124.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"199\" \/>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Chatting <\/em>\u2013 Chatting enables an individual to speak to an expert in real time from the comfort of his\/her own destination. A chat allows transmission of static images or text between two individual at different locations.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Buying and selling on the net (e-Commerce) <\/em>\u2013 Search engines allows consumer to find suitable items and vendors to place order, pay the bills online and have it delivered at the doorsteps. Exhibit 5 illustrates a graphical representations that how consumers can shop online.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Webpage Publishing <\/em>\u2013 One can publish about self or an organization through web pages on the The viewers can visit homepage to get information.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-248 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-125.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"558\" height=\"186\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Limitations of the Internet<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The technology of the internet is not at all error-free. Though internet has many advantages but it has its own limitations which are as follows:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Internet connects millions of computers with no guarantee on timely transfer of data or even loss of transmission.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Temporary internet files are created which can map user\u2019s activity during a session such as login details or transaction data.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Systems if not installed with anti-virus software are vulnerable to internet viruses. Hence, the network is not reliable and offers little security.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Intranet<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">New age business demands a network platform which is seamless and permits smooth flow of <span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">data and information in any form from one location to another within an enterprise. Such a need of an enterprise is met by a local network called Intranet. The intranet is a local network of set of computers or servers connected via the TCP\/IP protocol that stores and accesses data at various locations within the organization, as demonstrated in Exhibit 6.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-249 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-126.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"536\" height=\"213\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Features of the Intranet:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet deals with internal information needs of people in an organization without giving access to the outside world.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet is local to the organization or institution for its own use whereas internet is rendered for general public use.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The intranet uses internet standards such as<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0HTML \u2013 Hyper Text Mark Up Language<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">HTTP \u2013 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">TCP\/IP - Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The Local Area Network (LAN) \/ Wide Area Network (WAN) when loaded with these standards and supported by web server and web browser becomes intranet for the organization.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The normal network LAN\/WAN is able to handle applications in client server architecture; the same network when converted to intranet can handle text and multimedia applications.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To establish an intranet the following software and hardware requirements are essential:<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0One or more server<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Client workstation<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A network connecting servers and clients with TCP\/IP software on the servers and clients. Transmission Control Protocol helps to send data from one location to another. TCP breaks the message into packets of information and puts them into envelopes and sends at the receiving end where it gets reassembled into the original message.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Internet Protocol specifies the format of the packets. It is like a postal system which allows addressing a package and dropping it in the system without direct linkage with the sender and recipient.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Web server software on the server processes the request from the client and acts as a host to add products. It also maintains logs for all transactions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Web browser software on the clients sends the process request to server and interprets the HTML codes and converts into display containing text and graphics.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-250 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-127.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"176\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Applications of the Intranet \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIntranet has wide range of applications for any organization, some of these are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet allows an enterprise to create an internal restricted network of computers which uses secure network applications in project management, supply chain management, sales and customer relation management etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet help save on the cost of information sharing for the organization. As information is accessible and shared electronically, a huge sum can be saved on printing and distribution of the same. Eventually a lot of time too is saved by way of implementing intranet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Many companies have intranet portals, which can be accessed by the employees e.g. employee management portals (Exhibit 8). These portals allow human resource department to monitor leaves, salaries, and grading of the work force.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-251 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-128.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"288\" \/>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet can be used to create online reports by taking predefined set of reports converting them to HTML documents and storing on web server.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet applications are further used in online publishing of manuals, directories, circulars, notifications, online training material etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Information sharing via messaging applications for common interest groups may also be used via intranet platform. For example: IP messenger, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), internal blogs.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet facilitates the process of handling database queries, queries on status of order, balance, value etc from the various stakeholders.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Connecting intranet to corporate data by providing links helps the users to gain access to data for checking, verification and use in web application.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Business Case: Technical Innovation at FedEx<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-252 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-129.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"179\" height=\"210\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Information Technology has greatly transformed the business climate at FedEx. Fredrick Smith, the Founder, Chairman, President and CEO of FedEx (Exhibit 9) had foreseen way ahead that how information technology (IT) could be the forerunner of a technology platform at FedEx and could be vital in building speed, accuracy of information, validation and reliability within the organization. This vision of his later proved to be a benchmark in the transportation industries worldwide.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The widespread use of the internet from the early 1990s threw open significant opportunities for FedEx. Since, the company already had an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) based system on which it had invested heavily, FedEx decided to use a combination of internet and the EDI. Ariba was the company that was employed to implement the product procurement system and housed it on the FedEx intranet. The system was set up so that the suppliers could maintain a database of product catalogs that could be assessed by any FedEx employee and assisted them while making a purchase requisition. Information access now became easier for both the client as well as the vendor.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-253 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-130.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"182\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">FedEx implemented the computerized online tracking system - COSMOS (Customer Operations Service Master On \u2013 Line System). Use of these hand held super trackers enabled FedEx to update each of the consignment at five access points. It scanned the bar coding on airway bills and enabled updates at multiple stages of delivery cycle.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">These systems have helped FedEx to keep full control over various stages of the dispatch cycle. Such accuracy of information has empowered FedEx to promise its customer deliver within one minute of the delivery schedule commitment else the company extends a refund to its customer. Secondly, the unique proposition on offer from FedEx was that if a package cannot be tracked within 30 minutes of enquiry, FedEx bears all the transportation cost.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Further, FedEx shares to its credit, a tariff database www.apectariff.org, the only source of consolidated tariff and customs-related information related to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation helps its clients to expedite and enhance business globally.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Extranet<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Extranet refers to a private network that connects various stake holders such as vendors, clients, suppliers on a common networked platform to exchange business related information. When the intranet is configured over a geographic boundary beyond the organization it is termed as an extranet (Exhibit 10). The extranet facilitates information sharing with authorized users over a secure network. This reduces time to seek information which otherwise is both time consuming and cumbersome. Extranet is also termed as extended intranet.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-254 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-131.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"165\" \/>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Features of the Extranet:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe different features of extranet are:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1. Extranet allows limited, controlled, secure access between a company\u2019s intranet and designated, authenticated users from remote locations.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.Dealers\/distributors have access to product files such as catalogues, products specifications, pictures, images to answer queries of the customer.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.The security of extranet depends upon organization\u2019s policy on information management.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.If trusted partners are to be treated like outsiders to the organization, firewalls between outside users and intranet will stop unlawful and unauthorized access to information.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">5.If trusted partners are treated like any other normal user of the organization, then security can be ensured through access rights, authentication and certification procedure.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">6.The accessibility is based on a unique Internet Protocol address assigned to every unique user. This helps in user identification (a unique set of numbers such as 225.22.05.100).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">7.Requirements for an extranet include <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsecurity.techtarget.com\/definition\/firewall\">firewall <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">server management, the issuance and use of <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsecurity.techtarget.com\/definition\/digital-certificate\">digital certificates <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">or similar means of user authentication, <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsecurity.techtarget.com\/definition\/encryption\">encryption <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">of messages, and the use of virtual private networks <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com\/definition\/virtual-private-network\">(VPNs) <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">that <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com\/definition\/tunneling\">tunnel <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">through the public network.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-255 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-132.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"269\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Applications of Extranet \u2013<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Integrated supply chains <\/em>\u2013 Extranet enable the establishment of smooth supply chains using online ordering, order tracking and inventory management in an organization.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Cost reduction <\/em>- Helps in reducing the cost of information sharing by making manuals and technical documentation available online to the trading partners and customers.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Single user interface <\/em><strong>\u2013<\/strong> Extranet facilitates single user interface between business partners. Business stakeholders can get access to common business portals to view project updates and get information about functional departments and tasks allocated.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Shared news of product development <\/em>\u2013 Extranet helps share any product development news exclusively with its partner companies. Version updates and upgrades become easier to implement. Such detailed information on newer version and its installation can be accessed with deployment sites.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Round-the-clock access <\/em>- Making information available online ensures round-the-clock accessibility of the information to meet the needs of various stakeholders. It also creates a repository to store and maintain business critical information which is documented.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Ensures security <\/em>\u2013 Communication and interaction can be monitored as it occurs over a secure Access can be granted to only those who are authorized to view.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>4.1 Differences between Internet, Intranet and Extranet<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-256 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-133.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"534\" height=\"213\" \/>\r\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 173px\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 14px\"><strong>Parameter<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 14px\"><strong>Internet<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 14px\"><strong>Intranet<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 14px\"><strong>Extranet<\/strong><strong>\r\n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 29px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 29px\">Type of Network<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 29px\">Public<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 29px\">Private<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 29px\">Private\/Virtual Private\r\nNetwork<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 44px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 44px\">Size<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 44px\">Large Number of connected devices.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 44px\">Limited number of connected devices.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 44px\">Limited number of connected devices over\r\nthe internet.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 29px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 29px\">Security<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 29px\">Depends on the software application\r\nconnected to the device.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 29px\">Firewall Protected.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 29px\">Firewall separates\r\ninternet and extranet.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 29px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 29px\">Information<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 29px\">Informationcan be accessed across the world.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 29px\">Information can be shared securely within the organization.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 29px\">Information can be\r\nshared between employees and external\r\npeople.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 14px\">Accessibility<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 14px\">Anyone<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 14px\">Authorized Users<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 14px\">Authorized Users<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 14px\">Owner<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 14px\">Not owned by anyone<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 14px\">Owned by a particular\r\norganization.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 14px\">Owned by one or more\r\norganization.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%\">Policy<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%\">Internet communication\r\nprotocols<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%\">Organizational Policies<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%\">Organizational Policies,\r\nContractual Policies,\r\nInternet Policies<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%\">Example<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%\">World wide web, Email<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%\">Internal operations\r\nnetwork of an organization<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%\">Network of collaboration between\r\ntwo corporations.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>5.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Management Information Systems<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">MIS is an automated platform of information access that supports business and operational activities at multiple levels of management. This platform includes multiple systems which could be a decision support system, transaction processing, and executive information system etc. These systems have\u00a0applications across various industries and can be utilized for both academic as well as business processes.It integrates people and processes using technology that is interoperable and scalable as per user needs.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Features of a Management Information System (MIS):<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Relevance <\/em>\u2013 An effective MIS organizes information in such a form that is readily accessed, analyzed and is relevant as per business needs.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Accuracy <\/em>\u2013 The effectiveness of information depends on the accuracy of the data it uses. If the information being fed is from validated resources, it shall yield meaningful and accurate results.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Completeness <\/em>\u2013 An effective MIS provides most recent and effective information. If certain information is unavailable because of missing data, an effective MIS detects such gaps and displays possible outcomes for the management to take corrective decisions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Management Oriented <\/em>- The focus of an efficient system is to satisfy the information needs of management. A qualifying system is structured as per directions factored by management.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Integration <\/em>\u2013 This is an important characteristic for a system to qualify as MIS. MIS helps integrate different functional departments as well as levels of management for easy retrieval of information that not only assists in decision making at operational, functional but also at strategic levels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Timeliness <\/em>\u2013 Nearly every enterprise invests in capturing critical business data. Henceforth, an effective system ensures the availability of data as per business needs within the required time frame.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Components <\/em>- An MIS system utilizes computer hardware and software; it requires manual procedures and models for analysis, planning, control and decision making and a database.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Applications of an effective MIS -<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">An effective MIS solution are multifaceted and enable to automate processes faster, accurately and at an optimum cost while delivering results efficiently at the click of a button. Over a period of time, various types of MIS solutions have evolved. These are:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Transaction Processing System: <\/em>This system fundamentally calculates the user count on the It helps to store, modify, accumulate and retrieve information as per business needs. It can handle queries in bulk or one by one on a real time basis. It largely helps in running queries and finds utility at the operational management level.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Decision Support System: <\/em>This system facilitates decision making and is useful at the functional level of management. It can handle large volumes of information and helps in generating reports and analysis that help to make timely decisions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Executive Support System: <\/em>It facilitates decision making for executives across different The utility lies in a robust and strong reporting engine which offers an exhaustive analysis using programmed mathematical and statistical tools and drill down capabilities. This system has an easy to use graphic user interface and is largely used at strategic level of the management hierarchy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Office Automation System: <\/em>It refers to the convergence of people, processes and technology to simplify day to day office functions and maintenance of official communication tasks.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>5.\u00a0 E<\/strong><strong>nterprise Network<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">It refers to the interconnection of various sites across functional departments and businesses with the aim to facilitate data access and information sharing. It enables compatibility and interoperability between different technologies to able information generation and retrieval easily.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Features of an Enterprise Network:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe different features of an enterprise network are:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1. he key purpose of an enterprise network is to eliminate isolated users and workgroups and enhance communication and provide information.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.Physical systems and devices should be able to maintain and provide satisfactory performance, reliability and security.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.The Enterprise Network may span the Local Area Network or the Wide Area Network depending on business needs and utility.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.The aim is end to end integration of multiple technology protocols, platforms and operating systems with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to ensure that their connectivity yields productive business critical results.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">5.The objective of an enterprise network is identifying the organization\u2019s business processes and mapping them to the processes in the enterprise network. Leading enterprise software vendors like SAP, Oracle, Microsoft have versions of enterprise software packages designed for small and on demand versions custom made for organizations over the web.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Applications of Enterprise Networks<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Enterprise applications make use of databases and other organizational assets across a heterogeneous network. Some of the services provided by an enterprise application include customer relationship management, content management, human resource information systems, accounting information systems etc<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>7. S<\/strong><strong>ummary<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Information and communication are two of the most important strategic issues for the success of every enterprise. Organizations have a number of computer terminal and communication tools, however they are isolated. To overcome these obstacles in an effective usage of information technology, computer networks are necessary. Hence, the need to integrate computers with communication arises. The computer\u00a0<span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">networks are classified in different ways depending on the distance covered hardware configuration or functionality. The different types of network are LAN, WAN, MAN, VAN and further, the internet, intranet, extranet and enterprise. Major reasons for an organization to have the networking technology are cost reduction by sharing of hardware and software resources, establishing reliability by way of having multiple sources of supply and to facilitate flexibility because of possibility to connect devices from various vendors.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Learn More<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">English, Larry P, <em>The Essentials of Information Quality Management<\/em>, Information Impact international Inc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Jawadekar Waman S, Management Information Systems, <em>A Global Digital Enterprise<\/em> <em>Perspective, <\/em>5th Edition, Mc Graw Hill Education.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Laudon Kenneth C, Laudon Jane P, Management Information Systems, <em>Managing the Digital<\/em> <em>Firm<\/em>, Pearson Education South Asia, 2013.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Wang, Richard Y, Yang W. Lee, Leo L. Pipino, and Diane M. Strong, <em>\u201cManage your information<\/em> <em>as a product,\u201d <\/em>Sloan Management.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>you can view video on Internet, Intranet, Extranet,MIS &amp; Enterprise<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cOQlqtF3GA4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<strong>Web Resources<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">http:\/\/www.fedex.com\/ma\/about\/overview\/innovation.html<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">http:\/\/www.oracle.com\/us\/products\/applications\/ebusiness\/crm\/051307.html<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cOQlqtF3GA4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">After completing this module the students will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Understand the basic E-Business Infrastructure components.<\/li>\n<li>Understand the fundamentals of network technologies.<\/li>\n<li>Understand the basics features of Internet, Intranet, Extranet, MIS and Enterprise.<\/li>\n<li>Understand the applications and differences between Internet, Intranet and Extranet.<\/li>\n<li>Understand industry applications of network technologies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify\" start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Last decade of the 20th century saw emergence and convergence of number of new technologies,affecting the business in style, culture and process of execution. The four prominent technologies are Networking, Communication, Internet and Computing. These technologies have acted as strong pillars for corporations by way of providing easy access to data, sharing of information, and integrated use of technology irrespective of the physical distances.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet has given a new dimension to information sharing and accessibility. Communication, conversation, files transfer and networked technologies in various physical geographies are possible due to the World Wide Web. Internet, Extranet and Intranet (Figure 1) are such derivates that use networking protocols to function and give a competitive edge in business.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-243 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-120.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"424\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-120.png 424w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-120-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-120-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-120-225x148.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-120-350x230.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1 Internet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet is the world\u2019s largest computer network. It is a worldwide network of computers that use common communication standards and interfaces to provide the physical backbone for a number of interesting applications. Department of Defense, United States of America holds credit for the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). Established in the periphery of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration it was thought to be restricted for academic and research purposes only. Exhibit 1 highlights the statement by Joshua Lederberg, an American molecular biologist regarding the use of internet for research purposes only in the early years of internet inception. But today, the internet is a public, cooperative and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-244 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-121.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"545\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-121.png 545w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-121-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-121-65x28.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-121-225x96.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-121-350x149.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Features of the Internet:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Internet today has made it possible for the corporations to exchange data, news and opinions on web servers. It is estimated that roughly more than 100 countries are connected through internet.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet uses a portion of the total resources of the currently existing public telecommunication networks. What distinguishes the internet is its use of a set of protocols called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP). Two recent adaptations of internet technology, the intranet and the extranet, also make use of the TCP\/IP protocol.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The internet is decentralized by design unlike other online services which are centrally controlled.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Each internet computer or host is independent.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Internet was\u00a0 commercially\u00a0 used\u00a0 once\u00a0 the\u00a0 understanding\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 HTML\u00a0 (Hyper\u00a0 TextMarkup Language) commenced in 1990\u2019s where multiple file types such as audio, video, text, images could be hyperlinked to other documents.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Various files and documents can be located by a user on World Wide Web by simply clicking a mouse on a given link or locating them using a search engine.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Variety of hardware and software is used to make the internet functional as demonstrated in Exhibit 2 and listed below:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-245 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-122.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"527\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-122.png 527w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-122-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-122-65x29.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-122-225x101.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-122-350x157.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Modem <\/em>\u2013 It is hardware equipment that enables data transmission over a telephone line. In this case a modem performs the function of modulation \u2013 demodulation. The information stored is in a digital format whereas the information when transmitted is analog.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Computer <\/em>\u2013 An electronic device which receives information and processes a set of instructions to produce an output.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Web TV <\/em>\u2013 It is a terminal to be attached to the users TV which enables to display and navigate internet through a keyboard.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Software <\/em>&#8211; Two types of software are needed to enable the Personal Computer (PC) as an Internet PC. Communication software to establish TCP\/IP connection to the server and Client software for each activity such as browsing e-mails, news etc (Exhibit 3).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-246 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-123.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-123.png 519w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-123-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-123-65x31.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-123-225x109.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-123-350x169.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Applications of the Internet \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Internet is a powerful tool and its major applications are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Help searching the web addresses for access through search engines.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Downloading programs and files which can be saved or stored on ones local personal computer for use.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Email <\/em>\u2013 One can send and receive emails from an address book which is a built in feature to store addresses that are used frequently.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Mailing list <\/em>\u2013 It allows to join a mailing list to receive and send messages to interested members of the groups.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Voice &amp; video conferencing <\/em>\u2013 Voice &amp; video conferencing allows one to conduct meetings through a remote location without being physically present. Exhibit 4 depicts the image of an ongoing voice and video conference.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-247 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-124.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-124.png 404w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-124-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-124-65x32.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-124-225x111.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-124-350x172.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Chatting <\/em>\u2013 Chatting enables an individual to speak to an expert in real time from the comfort of his\/her own destination. A chat allows transmission of static images or text between two individual at different locations.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Buying and selling on the net (e-Commerce) <\/em>\u2013 Search engines allows consumer to find suitable items and vendors to place order, pay the bills online and have it delivered at the doorsteps. Exhibit 5 illustrates a graphical representations that how consumers can shop online.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Webpage Publishing <\/em>\u2013 One can publish about self or an organization through web pages on the The viewers can visit homepage to get information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-248 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-125.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"558\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-125.png 558w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-125-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-125-65x22.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-125-225x75.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-125-350x117.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Limitations of the Internet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The technology of the internet is not at all error-free. Though internet has many advantages but it has its own limitations which are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Internet connects millions of computers with no guarantee on timely transfer of data or even loss of transmission.<\/li>\n<li>Temporary internet files are created which can map user\u2019s activity during a session such as login details or transaction data.<\/li>\n<li>Systems if not installed with anti-virus software are vulnerable to internet viruses. Hence, the network is not reliable and offers little security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Intranet<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">New age business demands a network platform which is seamless and permits smooth flow of <span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">data and information in any form from one location to another within an enterprise. Such a need of an enterprise is met by a local network called Intranet. The intranet is a local network of set of computers or servers connected via the TCP\/IP protocol that stores and accesses data at various locations within the organization, as demonstrated in Exhibit 6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-249 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-126.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"536\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-126.png 536w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-126-300x119.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-126-65x26.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-126-225x89.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-126-350x139.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Features of the Intranet:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet deals with internal information needs of people in an organization without giving access to the outside world.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet is local to the organization or institution for its own use whereas internet is rendered for general public use.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The intranet uses internet standards such as<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0HTML \u2013 Hyper Text Mark Up Language<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">HTTP \u2013 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">TCP\/IP &#8211; Transmission Control Protocol\/ Internet Protocol<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The Local Area Network (LAN) \/ Wide Area Network (WAN) when loaded with these standards and supported by web server and web browser becomes intranet for the organization.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The normal network LAN\/WAN is able to handle applications in client server architecture; the same network when converted to intranet can handle text and multimedia applications.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To establish an intranet the following software and hardware requirements are essential:<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0One or more server<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Client workstation<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A network connecting servers and clients with TCP\/IP software on the servers and clients. Transmission Control Protocol helps to send data from one location to another. TCP breaks the message into packets of information and puts them into envelopes and sends at the receiving end where it gets reassembled into the original message.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Internet Protocol specifies the format of the packets. It is like a postal system which allows addressing a package and dropping it in the system without direct linkage with the sender and recipient.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Web server software on the server processes the request from the client and acts as a host to add products. It also maintains logs for all transactions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Web browser software on the clients sends the process request to server and interprets the HTML codes and converts into display containing text and graphics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-250 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-127.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-127.png 503w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-127-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-127-65x23.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-127-225x79.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-127-350x122.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Applications of the Intranet \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Intranet has wide range of applications for any organization, some of these are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet allows an enterprise to create an internal restricted network of computers which uses secure network applications in project management, supply chain management, sales and customer relation management etc.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet help save on the cost of information sharing for the organization. As information is accessible and shared electronically, a huge sum can be saved on printing and distribution of the same. Eventually a lot of time too is saved by way of implementing intranet.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Many companies have intranet portals, which can be accessed by the employees e.g. employee management portals (Exhibit 8). These portals allow human resource department to monitor leaves, salaries, and grading of the work force.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-251 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-128.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-128.png 503w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-128-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-128-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-128-225x129.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-128-350x200.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet can be used to create online reports by taking predefined set of reports converting them to HTML documents and storing on web server.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet applications are further used in online publishing of manuals, directories, circulars, notifications, online training material etc.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Information sharing via messaging applications for common interest groups may also be used via intranet platform. For example: IP messenger, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), internal blogs.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Intranet facilitates the process of handling database queries, queries on status of order, balance, value etc from the various stakeholders.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Connecting intranet to corporate data by providing links helps the users to gain access to data for checking, verification and use in web application.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Business Case: Technical Innovation at FedEx<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-252 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-129.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"179\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-129.png 179w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-129-65x76.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 179px) 100vw, 179px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Information Technology has greatly transformed the business climate at FedEx. Fredrick Smith, the Founder, Chairman, President and CEO of FedEx (Exhibit 9) had foreseen way ahead that how information technology (IT) could be the forerunner of a technology platform at FedEx and could be vital in building speed, accuracy of information, validation and reliability within the organization. This vision of his later proved to be a benchmark in the transportation industries worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The widespread use of the internet from the early 1990s threw open significant opportunities for FedEx. Since, the company already had an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) based system on which it had invested heavily, FedEx decided to use a combination of internet and the EDI. Ariba was the company that was employed to implement the product procurement system and housed it on the FedEx intranet. The system was set up so that the suppliers could maintain a database of product catalogs that could be assessed by any FedEx employee and assisted them while making a purchase requisition. Information access now became easier for both the client as well as the vendor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-253 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-130.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-130.png 518w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-130-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-130-65x23.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-130-225x79.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-130-350x123.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">FedEx implemented the computerized online tracking system &#8211; COSMOS (Customer Operations Service Master On \u2013 Line System). Use of these hand held super trackers enabled FedEx to update each of the consignment at five access points. It scanned the bar coding on airway bills and enabled updates at multiple stages of delivery cycle.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">These systems have helped FedEx to keep full control over various stages of the dispatch cycle. Such accuracy of information has empowered FedEx to promise its customer deliver within one minute of the delivery schedule commitment else the company extends a refund to its customer. Secondly, the unique proposition on offer from FedEx was that if a package cannot be tracked within 30 minutes of enquiry, FedEx bears all the transportation cost.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Further, FedEx shares to its credit, a tariff database www.apectariff.org, the only source of consolidated tariff and customs-related information related to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation helps its clients to expedite and enhance business globally.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Extranet<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Extranet refers to a private network that connects various stake holders such as vendors, clients, suppliers on a common networked platform to exchange business related information. When the intranet is configured over a geographic boundary beyond the organization it is termed as an extranet (Exhibit 10). The extranet facilitates information sharing with authorized users over a secure network. This reduces time to seek information which otherwise is both time consuming and cumbersome. Extranet is also termed as extended intranet.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-254 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-131.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-131.png 453w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-131-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-131-65x24.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-131-225x82.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-131-350x127.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Features of the Extranet:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The different features of extranet are:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1. Extranet allows limited, controlled, secure access between a company\u2019s intranet and designated, authenticated users from remote locations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.Dealers\/distributors have access to product files such as catalogues, products specifications, pictures, images to answer queries of the customer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.The security of extranet depends upon organization\u2019s policy on information management.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.If trusted partners are to be treated like outsiders to the organization, firewalls between outside users and intranet will stop unlawful and unauthorized access to information.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">5.If trusted partners are treated like any other normal user of the organization, then security can be ensured through access rights, authentication and certification procedure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">6.The accessibility is based on a unique Internet Protocol address assigned to every unique user. This helps in user identification (a unique set of numbers such as 225.22.05.100).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">7.Requirements for an extranet include <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsecurity.techtarget.com\/definition\/firewall\">firewall <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">server management, the issuance and use of <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsecurity.techtarget.com\/definition\/digital-certificate\">digital certificates <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">or similar means of user authentication, <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsecurity.techtarget.com\/definition\/encryption\">encryption <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">of messages, and the use of virtual private networks <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com\/definition\/virtual-private-network\">(VPNs) <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">that <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"http:\/\/searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com\/definition\/tunneling\">tunnel <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">through the public network.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-255 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-132.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-132.png 405w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-132-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-132-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-132-225x149.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-132-350x232.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Applications of Extranet \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Integrated supply chains <\/em>\u2013 Extranet enable the establishment of smooth supply chains using online ordering, order tracking and inventory management in an organization.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Cost reduction <\/em>&#8211; Helps in reducing the cost of information sharing by making manuals and technical documentation available online to the trading partners and customers.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Single user interface <\/em><strong>\u2013<\/strong> Extranet facilitates single user interface between business partners. Business stakeholders can get access to common business portals to view project updates and get information about functional departments and tasks allocated.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Shared news of product development <\/em>\u2013 Extranet helps share any product development news exclusively with its partner companies. Version updates and upgrades become easier to implement. Such detailed information on newer version and its installation can be accessed with deployment sites.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Round-the-clock access <\/em>&#8211; Making information available online ensures round-the-clock accessibility of the information to meet the needs of various stakeholders. It also creates a repository to store and maintain business critical information which is documented.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Ensures security <\/em>\u2013 Communication and interaction can be monitored as it occurs over a secure Access can be granted to only those who are authorized to view.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.1 Differences between Internet, Intranet and Extranet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-256 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mgmtp06.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-133.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"534\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-133.png 534w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-133-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-133-65x26.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-133-225x90.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2018\/10\/Untitled-133-350x140.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/><\/p>\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 173px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 14px\"><strong>Parameter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 14px\"><strong>Internet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 14px\"><strong>Intranet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 14px\"><strong>Extranet<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 29px\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 29px\">Type of Network<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 29px\">Public<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 29px\">Private<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 29px\">Private\/Virtual Private<br \/>\nNetwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 44px\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 44px\">Size<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 44px\">Large Number of connected devices.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 44px\">Limited number of connected devices.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 44px\">Limited number of connected devices over<br \/>\nthe internet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 29px\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 29px\">Security<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 29px\">Depends on the software application<br \/>\nconnected to the device.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 29px\">Firewall Protected.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 29px\">Firewall separates<br \/>\ninternet and extranet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 29px\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 29px\">Information<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 29px\">Informationcan be accessed across the world.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 29px\">Information can be shared securely within the organization.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 29px\">Information can be<br \/>\nshared between employees and external<br \/>\npeople.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 14px\">Accessibility<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 14px\">Anyone<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 14px\">Authorized Users<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 14px\">Authorized Users<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%;height: 14px\">Owner<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%;height: 14px\">Not owned by anyone<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%;height: 14px\">Owned by a particular<br \/>\norganization.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%;height: 14px\">Owned by one or more<br \/>\norganization.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%\">Policy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%\">Internet communication<br \/>\nprotocols<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%\">Organizational Policies<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%\">Organizational Policies,<br \/>\nContractual Policies,<br \/>\nInternet Policies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.4545%\">Example<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.2121%\">World wide web, Email<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.5758%\">Internal operations<br \/>\nnetwork of an organization<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.7576%\">Network of collaboration between<br \/>\ntwo corporations.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Management Information Systems<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">MIS is an automated platform of information access that supports business and operational activities at multiple levels of management. This platform includes multiple systems which could be a decision support system, transaction processing, and executive information system etc. These systems have\u00a0applications across various industries and can be utilized for both academic as well as business processes.It integrates people and processes using technology that is interoperable and scalable as per user needs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Features of a Management Information System (MIS):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Relevance <\/em>\u2013 An effective MIS organizes information in such a form that is readily accessed, analyzed and is relevant as per business needs.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Accuracy <\/em>\u2013 The effectiveness of information depends on the accuracy of the data it uses. If the information being fed is from validated resources, it shall yield meaningful and accurate results.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Completeness <\/em>\u2013 An effective MIS provides most recent and effective information. If certain information is unavailable because of missing data, an effective MIS detects such gaps and displays possible outcomes for the management to take corrective decisions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Management Oriented <\/em>&#8211; The focus of an efficient system is to satisfy the information needs of management. A qualifying system is structured as per directions factored by management.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Integration <\/em>\u2013 This is an important characteristic for a system to qualify as MIS. MIS helps integrate different functional departments as well as levels of management for easy retrieval of information that not only assists in decision making at operational, functional but also at strategic levels.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Timeliness <\/em>\u2013 Nearly every enterprise invests in capturing critical business data. Henceforth, an effective system ensures the availability of data as per business needs within the required time frame.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Components <\/em>&#8211; An MIS system utilizes computer hardware and software; it requires manual procedures and models for analysis, planning, control and decision making and a database.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Applications of an effective MIS &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">An effective MIS solution are multifaceted and enable to automate processes faster, accurately and at an optimum cost while delivering results efficiently at the click of a button. Over a period of time, various types of MIS solutions have evolved. These are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Transaction Processing System: <\/em>This system fundamentally calculates the user count on the It helps to store, modify, accumulate and retrieve information as per business needs. It can handle queries in bulk or one by one on a real time basis. It largely helps in running queries and finds utility at the operational management level.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Decision Support System: <\/em>This system facilitates decision making and is useful at the functional level of management. It can handle large volumes of information and helps in generating reports and analysis that help to make timely decisions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Executive Support System: <\/em>It facilitates decision making for executives across different The utility lies in a robust and strong reporting engine which offers an exhaustive analysis using programmed mathematical and statistical tools and drill down capabilities. This system has an easy to use graphic user interface and is largely used at strategic level of the management hierarchy.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Office Automation System: <\/em>It refers to the convergence of people, processes and technology to simplify day to day office functions and maintenance of official communication tasks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u00a0 E<\/strong><strong>nterprise Network<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">It refers to the interconnection of various sites across functional departments and businesses with the aim to facilitate data access and information sharing. It enables compatibility and interoperability between different technologies to able information generation and retrieval easily.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Features of an Enterprise Network:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The different features of an enterprise network are:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1. he key purpose of an enterprise network is to eliminate isolated users and workgroups and enhance communication and provide information.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.Physical systems and devices should be able to maintain and provide satisfactory performance, reliability and security.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.The Enterprise Network may span the Local Area Network or the Wide Area Network depending on business needs and utility.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.The aim is end to end integration of multiple technology protocols, platforms and operating systems with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to ensure that their connectivity yields productive business critical results.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">5.The objective of an enterprise network is identifying the organization\u2019s business processes and mapping them to the processes in the enterprise network. Leading enterprise software vendors like SAP, Oracle, Microsoft have versions of enterprise software packages designed for small and on demand versions custom made for organizations over the web.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Applications of Enterprise Networks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Enterprise applications make use of databases and other organizational assets across a heterogeneous network. Some of the services provided by an enterprise application include customer relationship management, content management, human resource information systems, accounting information systems etc<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. S<\/strong><strong>ummary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Information and communication are two of the most important strategic issues for the success of every enterprise. Organizations have a number of computer terminal and communication tools, however they are isolated. To overcome these obstacles in an effective usage of information technology, computer networks are necessary. Hence, the need to integrate computers with communication arises. The computer\u00a0<span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">networks are classified in different ways depending on the distance covered hardware configuration or functionality. The different types of network are LAN, WAN, MAN, VAN and further, the internet, intranet, extranet and enterprise. Major reasons for an organization to have the networking technology are cost reduction by sharing of hardware and software resources, establishing reliability by way of having multiple sources of supply and to facilitate flexibility because of possibility to connect devices from various vendors.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learn More<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">English, Larry P, <em>The Essentials of Information Quality Management<\/em>, Information Impact international Inc.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Jawadekar Waman S, Management Information Systems, <em>A Global Digital Enterprise<\/em> <em>Perspective, <\/em>5th Edition, Mc Graw Hill Education.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Laudon Kenneth C, Laudon Jane P, Management Information Systems, <em>Managing the Digital<\/em> <em>Firm<\/em>, Pearson Education South Asia, 2013.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Wang, Richard Y, Yang W. Lee, Leo L. Pipino, and Diane M. Strong, <em>\u201cManage your information<\/em> <em>as a product,\u201d <\/em>Sloan Management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>you can view video on Internet, Intranet, Extranet,MIS &amp; Enterprise<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cOQlqtF3GA4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Web Resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">http:\/\/www.fedex.com\/ma\/about\/overview\/innovation.html<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">http:\/\/www.oracle.com\/us\/products\/applications\/ebusiness\/crm\/051307.html<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["dr-ashish-saihjpal"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[59],"license":[],"class_list":["post-242","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-dr-ashish-saihjpal"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":873,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/242\/revisions\/873"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/242\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=242"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=242"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/mgmtp06\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}