15 RENDERING OF HEADINGS AND CATALOGUING PRACTICE OF PSEUDONYMS

Objectives of the Module

The objectives of the module are as follows:

1. To define pseudonym.

2.To explain the rules of CCC for cataloguing books written under pseudonym.

3. To explain the rules of AACR-2R for cataloguing books written under pseudonym.

Keywords

Pseudonym, Nick name, Fictitious name

Structure of the Module: E-Text

1. Introduction

2.Definition

3.Reasons for adopting Pseudonym

4.Types of Pseudonym

5.Need for identification of real name

6.Treatment in CCC

7.Treatment in AACR-2R

8.Cataloguing practice of Pseudonym books according to CCC and AACR-2R

9.Questions and Title pages for practice

10.Further Readings

1. Introduction

The use of pseudonym in Indian literature is as old as Indian epics. The great Indian epic Ramayana is known by his pseudonym Valmiki and nobody knows his real name. Famous Indian politician Kautilaya is pseudonym of Vishnu Gupta. The practice of using pseudonym in English literature seems in vogue since Sixteenth Century. Voltaire has used 137 pseudonyms and Franklin has used 57 pseudonyms in their works.

2. Definition

Harrod’s Librarians’ glossary defines pseudonym as ‘a name used by an author, which is not his or her real name’. It is also called as Pen name.

Ranganathan is his CCC defines pseudonymous author as ‘an author assuming a false or fictitious name or any other specification different from the real name. A pseudonym may also be given by others to an author or it may even get started in a casual way, either in his own time or in later times’.

AACR-2R in its glossary defines pseudonym as ‘a name assumed by an author to conceal or obscure his or her identity’.

Comparison of definitions of CCC and AACR-2R reveals that while AACR-2R has given a concise definition of pseudonym, CCC has discussed it in detailed manner emphasing that pseudonym may be given to an author by others or it may get started in a casual way. Even it may be given in his life time or it may be given in later times.

3. Reasons for adopting Pseudonym

The reasons of adopting of pseudonym and hiding the real name may be many e.g. shyness, diffidence, sense of shame or delicacy, fear of consequences, freakishness, joking, mystifying, or hoaxing instinct.

4. Types of Pseudonym

Pseudonym are formed in following ways:

1. Adoption or gifting of what appears like a regular name e.g. George Eliot.

2.Words constituting the real name may be permuted e.g. Arthur Travery Crowford used the pseudonym T.C. Arthur.

3. Letters in the essential word in the real name or all or some of its words may be permuted e.g. Anne Lake used pseudonym Ekalenna.

4. Descriptive words e.g. by Experienced Lawyer.

5. Fanciful names as Bhavuk, Kalkut, Farishta.

6. Initionyms (Initial letters are strung together) e.g. Edward Hamilton Aitken adopted initionym Eha.

7. Association with renowned person e.g. Frontier Gandhi.

8. Real name may be replaced by the name of place of birth, place of residence, nationality, profession etc. e.g. Harish Chandra ‘Bhartiya’.

5. Need for Unmasking or Identification

The cataloguers are directly concerned with pseudonym as they need to know the real name or identify the actual name. It is necessary to keep all the entries relating to the works of an author at one place in the catalogue. For example Dhanpat Rai has written books under his real name as well as under his one pseudonym Nawab Rai and another preudonym Prem Chand. Entries of all the books will be scattered under different names in the catalogue.

Some times the same pseudonym is used by many authors e.g. Pseudonym ‘Suman’ has been used by four authors i.e. Ambika Prasad, Shivmangal Singh, Kshem Chandra and Devat Ram. If their real name is not used as individualizing element, it will create homonym. Hence identification of pseudonyms is important task.

6. Treatment in CCC

CCC has prescribed the following rules for the choice and rendering of pseudonym: Rule No. MD41: If the title-page gives only a pseudonym in the place of the author’s name, the pseudonum is to be used as the heading and it is to be followed by the descriptive element Pseud.

Example

PREM CHAND, Pseud.

LIBRA, Pseud.

X Y Z, Pseud.

Rule No. MD421: If the title page gives the real name of the author also in a subordinated manner, it is to be added in circular brackets, after the descriptive element Pseud. The real of the author is to be preceded by the symbol ‘i e’. The bracket is to be preceded by a comma. The words in the real name are to be written in their natural sequence.

Example

PREM CHAND, Pseud, (i e Dhanpat Rai).

TWAIN (Mark), Pseud, (i e Samuel Langhorne Clemens).

Rule No. MD422: If the title page gives the real name of the author and adds the pseudonum in a subordinated manner, the former is to be chocsen for the heading. The latter is to be added after it and enclosed in circular brackets. The descriptive element Pseud is to be added within the brackets. The bracket is to be preceded by a comma.

Example

Shiv Mangal Singh Suman will be rendered as

SHIV MANGAL SINGH (i e Suman, Pseud).

Rule No. MD423: If the real name of the author can be found out from outside the work, it is to be added in square brackets after the descriptive element Pseud. The real name of the author is to be preceded by the symbol i e. The bracket is to be preceded by a comma. The words in the real name are to be written in their natural sequence.

Example

SHIVANI, Pseud, [i e Gora Pant].

Rule No. MD424: If a pseudonym represents two joint authors and if the real names of the joint authors be known, the symbol ‘i e’ which comes after the pseudonym is to be followed by the real names of both the authors. Their names are to be connected by the word ‘and’. The words in each real name are to be written in their natural sequence.

Example

TWO BROTHERS, Pseud, (i e Alfred Tennyson and Charles Tennyson).

Rule No. MD 425: If a pseudonym represents three or more joint authors and if the real names be known, the symbol ‘i e’ which comes after the pseudonym is to the followed by the real name of one of the authors alone which itself is to be followed by the word ‘etc’. The name to be written is to be chosen on the basis of some appropriate principle if available or otherwise arbitrarily.

Example

X Y Z, Pseud, (i e Suresh Chand Jain and others).

Note: Here real name of author is followed by ‘and others’ in place of ‘etc’ as in Cataloguing Practice Ranganathan has replaced this term by ‘and others’.

Rule No. MD43: If there are two or more pseudonyms occurring in the place of authors’ name, they are to be connected by the conjunction ‘and’.

Example

LIBRA and ARITHMETICUS, Pseud, (i e S R Ranganathan).

CCC has suggested to prepare Pseudonym-Real-Name Entry to satisfy the approach of readers demanding pseudonym books from different names as follows:

Rule LDI: Choice of Referred-from heading: There is to be a pseudonym-real-name entry in the case of every person whose pseudonym alone or pseudonym as well as real name appears in the main entry concerned.

11. If the pseudonym appears first in the heading in the main entry, the referred-from heading in the pseudonym-real-name entry is to be the real name.

12. If the real name appears first in the heading in the main entry, the heading in the pseudonym-real name-entry is to be the pseudonym.

Example

7. Treatment in AACR-2R

AACR-2R prescribes the following rules for cataloguing pseudonymous authors’ books:Rule No. 22.1A. In general, choose, as the basis of the heading for a person, the name by which he or she is commonly known. This may be the person’s real name, pseudonym, title of nobility, nickname, initials, or other appellation.

Example

Prem Chand

not Dhanpat Rai

Rule No. 22.2B1. One pseudonym. If all the works by one person appear under one pseudonym, choose the pseudonym. If the real name is known, make a reference from the real name to the pseudonym.

Example

George Orwell not Eric Arthur Blair Rule No. 22.2B2: Separate bibliographic identities: If a person has established two or more bibliographic identities, as indicated by the fact that works of one type appear under one pseudonym works of other types appear under other pseudonyms or the person’s real name, choose, as the basis for the heading for each group of works, the name by which works in that group are identified. Make references to connect the names. In case of doubt, do not consider a person to have separate bibliographic identities.

Example

Lewis Carroll

(Pseudonym used in literary works)

Charles L. Dodgson

(Real name used in works on mathematics and logic)

Nicholar Blake

(Pseudonym used in detective novels)

C. Day-Lewis

(Real name used in poetic and critical works)

Rule No. 22.2B3. Contemporary authors: If a contemporary author uses more than one pseudonym or his or her real name and one or more pseudonyms, use, as the basis for the heading for each work appearing in it. Make reference to connect the names.

Example

Kingsley Amis

(Real name used in most works)

Robert Markham(Pseudonym used in one work)

Rule No. 22.2B4: If a person using more than one pseudonym or his or her real name and one or more pseudonyms neither has established separate bibliographic identities nor is a contemporary author. Choose, as the basis for the heading, the name by which that person has come to be identified in later editions of his or her works, in critical works, or in other reference sources. Make references from other names.

Example

Prem Chand.

(Reference from Nawab Rai and Dhanpat Rai).

Rule No. 21.6D: Shared pseudonyms: If two or more persons collaborate and use a single pseudonym, use the pseudonym as the heading for a work produced by their collaboration. Refer to the pseudonym from their names (Rule 26.2C1). If the heading for one or more of the persons are also established in the catalogue, refer also from the pseudonym to those headings.

Example

Ellery Queen is the joint pseudonym of Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee, so the heading would be as follows:Queen, Ellery

Rule No. 26.2B4: If a pseudonym consists of initials, a sequence of letters, or numerals, make a name-title reference from the real name of each item entered under the pseudonym.

Example

Garcin, Etienne

Nouveau dictionnaire provencal-francais

see M.G.

(Here Initials M.G. stand for Monsieur Garcin)

Explanatory Reference: An elaborated see or see also reference that explains the circumstances under which the headings involved should be consulted.

Rule No. 26.2D1: Make an explanatory reference when more guidance that a see or see also reference is required.

Example

Danny,Frederic

For works of this author written in collaboration with M anfred Bannington Lee, see Queen, Ellery Lee, Manfred Bannington.

For works of this author written in collaboration with Fr ederic Danny, see Queen, Ellery

8. Cataloguing practice

Title 1

(Pseudonym. Real name given in book)

Lectures on Applied Engineering Aspects No. 5. Edited by K. Ruth Desouza

Note: Real name of the author as given in the Preface of the book is John Marston Edser. The author has written all his works under his pseudonym only. The book has been translated into several languages.

CCC

Main Entry

Class Index Entry – 2

Note

1. Heading is prepared as per Rule MD421 & MD21.

2. As per Rule LD Pseudonym-Real name entry is prepared.

AACR-2R

	Main Entry

D:1
N52	Sommerfield, Arnold
	Applied mechanics/by Arnold Sommerfield;
	translated from the 2nd German ed by Alaxender O. Stern. –
	New York: Academic Press, 1952.
2825	217 p.; 22 cm.-(Lectures on applied engineering
	aspects; no.5)
	Title -3
	1. Applied mechanics. I. Stern, Alaxender O. II.
	Series.

	Subject Entry

D:1	APPLIED MECHANICS.
N52	Sommerfield, Arnold

	Rest as main entry

	Collaborator Entry

D:1	Stern, Alexender O.
N52	Sommerfield, Arnold
	Rest as main entry

			Series Entry

D:1	Lectures on applied engineering aspects; no. 1.
N52	Sommerfield, Arnold
		Rest as main entry

			Name Reference

	Edser, John Marston
		see Sommerfield, Arnold

Note:

1. As author has written all his works under one pseudonym only, the heading is prepared under his pseudonym.

2. As the subject heading and title is similar, title entry has not been prepared.

3. As the book has been translated into several languages, as per Rule No. 21.30K1 translator entry has been prepared.

4.One name reference from pseudonym to real name has been prepared. As references are not recorded in the tracing, it has not been recorded.

Title 2

(Pseudonym. Real name token from outside sources)

THE GIFT OF A COW

A Translation of the Hindi Novel Godan

Prem Chand

Translated by

William Robinson

Harper & Company

New York,

1970

Other Information

Call No.	O152,3M80,2	N70	Acc. No.	4565
Pages	403		Size	18.9 cm.
ISBN	07443-322-21

Note: Prem Chand is Pseudonym of Dhanpat Rai as revaluated by outside sources.Author has written some books under his another pseudonym Nawab Rai.

Main Entry

O152,3M80,2 N70

PREM CHAND, Pseud, [i e Dhanpat Rai]. Gift of a cow: A translation of the Hindi novel Godan. Tr by William Robinson.4565

Tracing

Gift of a cow, Prem Chand, Pseud,

[i e Dhanpat Rai].

Prem Chand, Pseud, [i e Dhanpat

Rai], Fiction.

Fiction, Hindi.

Hindi, Literature.

Literature.

Robinson (William), Tr.

Godan.

Dhanpat Rai.

Nawab Rai, Pseud.

Class Index Entry – 1

GIFT OF a cow, PREM CHAND, Pseud, [i e Dhanpat Rai].For documents in this Class and its Subdivisions, see the Classified Part of the catalogue under the Class Number O152,3M80,2

Class Index Entry – 2

PREM CHAND, Pseud, [i.e. Dhanpat Rai, FICTION.

For documents	…………………………………………….
Class Number	O152,3M80

Class Index Entry – 3

FICTION, HINDI.
For documents	……………………………………………
Class Number	O152,3

Class Index Entry – 4

HINDI, LITERATURE.
For documents	……………………………………………
Class Number	O152

Class Index Entry – 5

LITERATURE.

For documents ……………………………………………

Class Number

Collaborator BIE

ROBINSON (William), Tr.
	Prem Chand, Pseud, [i e Dhanpat Rai]: Gift of
a cow.	0152,3M80,2 N70

Alternative Title CRIE

GODAN.

See

GIFT OF a cow.

Pseudonym-Real Name Entry-1

DHANPAT RAI.

See

PREM CHAND, Pseud.

Pseudonym-Real Name Entry-II

NAWAB RAI, Pseud.

See

PREM CHAND, Pseud.

Note: 1. Choice and rendering of heading has been made as per rule MD423 and MD21.2. Other entries have been prepared as per rules.

AACR-2R

Main Entry

891.433
PREM	Prem Chand
			The gift of a cow: a translation of the Hindi
	novel Godan/by Prem Chand; translated by William
	Robinson.-New York, Harper, 1970.
4565			403 p.; 19 cm.
			ISBN 07443-322-21
				Title -3
			I. Robinson, William. II. Title

			Collaborator Entry

891.433			Robinson, William
PREM	Prem Chand

			Rest as main entry

				Title Entry

891.433			The gift of a cow.
PREM	Prem Chand

			Rest as main entry

	Name See Reference-1

	Dhanpat	Rai

			see Prem Chand

Name See Reference-2

Nawab Rai

see Prem Chand

Title See Reference

Godan.

see The gift of a cow.

Note:

1. As author is predominantly known by his one pseudonym Prem Chand, as per Rule heading is made under predominantly known name.

2. Being a single literary work subject entry has not been prepared.

3. Name see references from other names as well as alternative title reference have been prepared as per Rule 26.1B.

Title -3

(Single Pseudonym adopted by two authors)

THE ROMAN HAT MYSTERY

Ellery Queen

London

Oxford University Press, 1945

Other information
Call No.	O111,3M89,13	N45	Acc. No.	1404
Pages	221		Size	18.5 cm
Note:	Ellery Queen is the pseudonym of Frederic Danny and Manfred Bannigton
	Lee. This information is taken from outside sources.

CCC

Main Entry

O111,3M89,31N70

QUEEN (Ellery), Pseud. [i e Frederic Danny and Manfred Bannington Lee].

Roman hat mystery.

1404

Tracing

Roman hat mystery, Queen (Ellery). Pseud, [i e Frederic Danny and Manfred Bannington Lee].

Queen (Ellery), Pseud, [i e Frederic Danny and Manfred Bannington Lee], Fiction.

Fiction, English.

English, Literature.

Literature.

Danny (Frederic) and Lee (Manfred Bannington).

Lee (Manfred Bannington) and Danny Frederic).

Class Index Entry – 1

ROMAN HAT mystery, QUEEN (Ellery), Pseud, [i e Frederic Danny and Manfred Bannington Lee].

	For documents in this Class and its Subdivisions,
see the Classified Part of the catalogue under the Class
Number	O111,3M89,31

Class Index Entry – 2

QUEEN (Ellery), Pseud, [i.e. Frederic Danny and Manfred Bannington Lee], FICTION.

For documents ………………………………………………..
Class Index Entry – 3	O111,3M89
Class Number

Class Index Entry – 3

FICTION, ENGLISH.
For documents	…………………………………………..
Class Number	O111,3

Class Index Entry – 4

ENGLISH, LITERATURE.
For documents …………………………………………..
Class Number	O111

Class Index Entry – 5

LITERATURE.

For documents …………………………………………..Class Number

(Cross Reference Index Entry: Pseudonym-Real Name Entry-1)

DANNY (Frederic) and LEE (Manfred Bannington).

See

QUEEN (Ellery), Pseud.

(Cross Reference Index Entry: Pseudonym-Real Name Entry-2)

LEE (Manfred Bannington) and DANNY (Frederic).

See

QUEEN (Ellery), Pseud.

Note:

1. Heading has been prepared as per Rule MD423 & MD21.

2.Two Cross Reference Index Entries have been prepared as per Rule LD by permuting the real names of authors.

AACR-2R

		Main Entry

O111,3M89,31
N45	Queen,	Ellery
		Roman hat mystery/by Ellery Queen. – London:
	Oxford	University Press, 1945.
1404		221 p.; 19 cm.
		I. Title.

		Title Entry

O111,3M89,31		Roman hat mystery
N45	Queen,	Ellery

		Rest as main entry

Explanatory Reference-1

Danny, Frederic

For works of this author written in collaboration with Manfred Bannington Lee see Queen, Ellery

Explanatory Reference-2

Lee, Manfred Bannington

For works of this author written in collaboration with Frederic Danny see Queen, Ellery

Note:

1. Heading has been prepared as per Rule 21.6D under shared pseudonym.

2. Two explanatory references have been prepared as per Rule 26.2D1.

3. As per rule, being single literary work, subject entry has not been prepared.

9. Questions and Title pages for practice

1. Define pseudonym according of CCC & AACR-2R, giving suitable examples.

2. Discuss the treatment of pseudonym according to CCC.

3. Discuss the treatment of AACR-2R for pseudonym opted by two personal authors. Also explain the explanatory notes in this regard.

4. Fill in the gap:

(i) The pseudonym author of Ramayana is …………………….. (Volmiki).

(ii) If the real name of the pseudonym is known from out side sources it is recorded in heading in ………………… (Square Brackets).

(iii) If the real name is given in prominence and pseudonym in subordinate manner, the heading will be made under ……………….. (Real name followed by pseudonym).

5. Catalogue the following titles according to CCC & AACR-2R.

Title-1

(Pseudonym)

A CLERGYMAN’S DAUGHTER

George Orwell

London

Secker & Warburg,

1997

Other Information

Call No.	O111, 3N17, 18	N97	Acc. No.	916234
Pages	ix, 212		Size	22 cm.

Note: The real name of the author is Eric Arthur Blair born 1917. This information is given on the back of title page. The author has written all his books under his pseudonym only.

Title-2

(Pseudonym with Collaborator)

THE CHURCH IN THE DARK AGES

Henry Deniel Rops

Translated from the French

Audery Butler

London

J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1959

Other Information
Call No.	Q6:1	N59	Acc. No.	87563
Pages	iv, 217		Size	21 cm.

Note: The real name of the author is Charles Henry Petiot as revealed by Chambers Biographical Dictionary. He has written some books under his real name also.

Title-3

(Single Pseudonym adopted by two authors)

VALLEY OF DIAMONDS

Francis Gaite

Philadelphia

Dorance & Co., 1969

Other Information

Call No.	O111, 3M96, 1	N69	Acc. No.	61293
Pages	414		Size	21.5 cm.

Note: The real name of the authors are Sydney Coles (B 1896) and Manning A Cartor (B 1898) as given in the Preface of the book.

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Further Readings

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. 2nd ed. 1988 revision. Ottawa: Canadian Library Association, 1988.
Purohit, P.R. Pseudonymous authorship: its treatment by CCC. Herald of Library Science. 17(1), 1978. 13-18.
Raghavan, K.S.: Treatment of pseudonyms. Herald of Library Science. 13(1). 1974.42.
Raghavan, K.S.: Sequel to treatment of pseudonyms (Technical note 32). Herald of Library Science. 12(2). 1974. 151.
Ranganathan, S.R. Classified catalogue code with additional rules for dictionary catalogue code. 5th ed. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1983.
Ranganathan, S.R. Treatment of pseudonyms (Technical note 18). Herald of Library Science, 2(3). 1963. 175-176.
Shukla, M.M. Treatment of pseudonyms. Herald of Library Science. 2(1). 1963. 14-49.
Virendra Kumar: Pseudonyms in Indian literature: Some problems in cataloguing. Library Herald. 7(4). June 1965. 249-258.