{"id":75,"date":"2019-09-05T06:07:51","date_gmt":"2019-09-05T06:07:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=75"},"modified":"2019-09-05T06:37:22","modified_gmt":"2019-09-05T06:37:22","slug":"veda%e1%b9%85gas-kalpa%e1%b8%a5","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/icp05\/chapter\/veda%e1%b9%85gas-kalpa%e1%b8%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"Ved\u0101\u1e45gas – Kalpa\u1e25"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
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1. Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The practical part of Vedic Mantras is dealt with by Kalpa. This Ved\u0101\u1e45ga is considered as the two hands of Vedapuru\u1e63a. Hands are very useful in different activities in Loka and Kalpa is similarly useful in the performance of Vedic rites. After Jyoti\u1e63am it is Kalpa that is most sought after Ved\u0101\u1e45ga by common people, although the term is neither understood nor employed by many. By performing different Karmas (rites), one would get citta\u015buddhi (cleansing of mind) and it leads one to Mok\u1e63a.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

i.Derivation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092f\u092f\u0924\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0903\u00a0 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 \u0907\u0924\u0924\u00a0 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u092a\u0903\u0964<\/p>\r\n \r\n

kalpyate samarthyate prayoga\u1e25 atra iti kalpa\u1e25.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

atra = in this Ved\u0101\u1e45ga, prayoga\u1e25 = the practical part, kalpyate \/ samarthyate = it is being illuminated, iti = therefore, kalpa\u1e25 = it is called Kalpa.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

A detailed account regarding the performance of different rites is being provided by this Ved\u0101\u1e45ga and therefore it is called Kalpa. So the term conforms to meaning.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

ii.\u00a0 Origin<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The seeds of Kalpa, popularly known as Kalpas\u016btram, can be traced to K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47ayajurveda\u00a0<\/span>(Taittir\u012by\u0101ra\u1e47yakam 1-123, 128, 130).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0907\u0924\u0924 \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0930\u0903\u0964 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u092a\u094b\u093d\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094d\u0964. . . \u0938\u0902\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u092e\u0947\u0924\u0926\u094d\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0964\u0926\u094d\u0935\u094c \u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u0938\u094c\u0964 . . . \u0905\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0947\u093d\u0927\u0940\u092f\u0940\u0924\u0964 iti mantr\u0101\u1e25. kalpo'ta \u016brdhvam. . . . sa\u1e43vatsarametad vrata\u1e43 caret. dvau v\u0101 m\u0101sau. . . . ara\u1e47ye'dh\u012by\u012bta.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

iti mantr\u0101\u1e25= till this point they are Mantras; ata\u1e25 \u016brdhvam = hereafter, kalpa\u1e25\u00a0<\/span>=\u00a0 Kalpa\u1e25, i.e. the practical part; caret = one should practice, etad vratam = this ascetic lifestyle called vratam, sa\u1e43vatsaram = for a full one year; dvau m\u0101sau v\u0101 = in case of inconvenience it can be for a full two months, adh\u012by\u012bta = one\u00a0<\/span>should recite Veda, ara\u1e47ye = in a forest.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Till this point they are mantras. Hereafter it is Kalpa. One should practice this vratam for a full one year and in case of any inconvenience it should be for a full two months. iii. Development<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Kalpas\u016btras can broadly be divided into two branches \u2013 \u015arautas\u016btram and G\u1e5bhyas\u016btram. The former exclusively deals with the performance of different Y\u0101gas (Sacrifices) while the latter deals with different sa\u1e43sk\u0101ras, such as viv\u0101ha (marriage), that are to be applied to each person.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u015aulbas\u016btram, that deals with Geometry is considered as a subsidiary of \u015arautas\u016btram as it is useful in effecting measurements of Y\u0101ga\u015b\u0101la (cottage for Y\u0101ga) etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Dharmas\u016btram or Dharma\u015b\u0101stram is a subsidiary of G\u1e5bhyas\u016btram and it ordains as to what is Dharma and what is Adharma.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

There are 1,130 \u015b\u0101khas (branches) of Veda \u2013 \u1e5agveda \u2013 21, S\u0101maveda \u2013 1000, Yajurveda \u2013 100 and Atharvaveda \u2013 9. At present only 12 \u015b\u0101khas are available. As a result the origin of all S\u016btras of Kalpa is not available in Veda but since great \u1e5a\u1e63is had authored these S\u016btras with the help of Divyad\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di (clairvoyance) it is inferred that their sayings have got their roots in Veda. For \u015arautas\u016btram the evidence is clearly available in Veda. For G\u1e5bhyas\u016btram and Dharmas\u016btram, authored by sages, the Vidhiv\u0101kyas (injunctive sentences) or the texts of\u00a0<\/span>itikartavyat\u0101 (procedure) are not available in the available Veda\u015b\u0101khas. But since \u015ai\u1e63\u1e6das (those who follow the norms of Dharma, Artha, K\u0101ma and Mok\u1e63a and are exemplary) have been practicing the Karmas, cited in G\u1e5bhyas\u016btram and Dharmas\u016btram, since time immemorial and established an uninterrupted tradition, they are accepted as an authority and it is inferred that their origin was in Veda\u015b\u0101khas that are lost.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

2. Dichotomy of Vedic Literature<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Veda can be divided into two main parts \u2013 the first called Mantrabr\u0101hma\u1e47abh\u0101ga and the second Upani\u1e63adbh\u0101ga. The former deals with Dharma through Karma, i.e. performance of Y\u0101ga (Sacrifice) etc. whereas the latter deals with Brahma, i.e. Mok\u1e63a and related matters. P\u016brvam\u012bm\u0101\u1e43s\u0101 or M\u012bm\u0101\u1e43s\u0101dar\u015bana discusses the meaning of Vedic sentences with regard to the earlier part, i.e. Mantrabr\u0101hma\u1e47abh\u0101ga of Veda. Uttaram\u012bm\u0101\u1e43s\u0101 or Ved\u0101nta deals with the latter part of Veda, i.e. Upani\u1e63ads in order to establish the path for Veda. While P\u016brvam\u012bm\u0101\u1e43s\u0101 takes care of the meaning of Mantrabr\u0101hma\u1e47abh\u0101ga, Kalpa sets the stage for the practical part, i.e. how and where a Y\u0101ga is to be performed. Jyoti\u1e63am, \u015aulbas\u016btram and Dharma\u015b\u0101stram also play their role in the overall process of a Y\u0101ga. \u015aruti means Veda whereas Sm\u1e5bti means Dharma\u015b\u0101stram.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Y\u0101ga\u1e25 (Worship \/ Ritual)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Yaj\u00f1a, Y\u0101ga, Adhvara, Kratu etc. are synonyms. The literal meaning of Y\u0101ga is 'worship'.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Unlike other synonyms, the term Yaj\u00f1a is used in the sense of Pa\u00f1camah\u0101yaj\u00f1as (five great\u00a0<\/span>Yaj\u00f1as \u2013 Taittir\u012by\u0101ra\u1e47yakam, 2-14), that are to be performed regularly \u2013<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n