{"id":62,"date":"2019-09-05T05:55:27","date_gmt":"2019-09-05T05:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=62"},"modified":"2019-09-05T06:05:59","modified_gmt":"2019-09-05T06:05:59","slug":"veda%e1%b9%85gas-jyoti%e1%b9%a3am","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/icp05\/chapter\/veda%e1%b9%85gas-jyoti%e1%b9%a3am\/","title":{"rendered":"Ved\u0101\u1e45gas – Jyoti\u1e63am"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
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\u00a0I.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Jyoti\u1e63am, Jyauti\u1e63am and Jyoti\u015b\u015b\u0101stram (Astrology) are synonyms. This Ved\u0101\u1e45ga is considered as the eyes of Vedapuru\u1e63a. The term jyoti\u1e25, here, refers to a Graha (planet) or Nak\u1e63atra (star). The system that deals with the movement of planets and stars as well as the related matters is called Jyoti\u1e63am. The auspicious \/ suitable time for the performance of Vedic rites is fixed by applying different calculations (Ga\u1e47ita\u015b\u0101stram) and this is the only Ved\u0101\u1e45ga that deals with a lot of mathematics. This is also the only Ved\u0101\u1e45ga, which is required even by common people in day to day life for auspicious time etc.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Jyoti\u1e63am, unlike other Ved\u0101\u1e45gas, is known across the globe, especially for auspicious time and predictions.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

II.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Origin of Jyoti\u1e63am<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The origin of Jyoti\u1e63am can be traced to Veda. The \u015aik\u1e63avall\u012b of Taittir\u012byopani\u1e63at (K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47ayajurveda) explains that there is an Upani\u1e63at called Mah\u0101sa\u1e43hit\u0101 (the great text) and it is divided into five Adhikara\u1e47as (chapters) that deal with J\u00f1\u0101nam (cognition). Adhijyauti\u1e63am is the second and it deals with Jyoti\u1e63am \u2013<\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0905\u0925\u093e\u0927\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094c\u0927\u093f\u0937\u092e\u094d\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u0928\u093f\u0903 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u094d\u0964\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u094d\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0927\u094d\u093f\u093f\u0903\u0964 \u0930\u094d\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094d\u093f\u093e\u0928\u092e\u094d\u0964\u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094c\u0927\u093f\u0937\u092e\u094d \u0965\u0969, \u0927\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u093f\u0948\u0927\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f\u094b\u092a\u0927\u0928\u0937\u093f\u094d\u0965<\/p>\r\n \r\n

ath\u0101dhijyauti\u1e63am. agni\u1e25p\u016brvar\u016bpam. \u0101dityauttarar\u016bpam. \u0101passandhi\u1e25. vaidyutassandh\u0101nam. ityadhijyauti\u1e63am\u09653,\u015bik\u1e63\u0101vall\u012b, taittir\u012byopani\u1e63at\u0965<\/p>\r\n \r\n

atha = after the first Adhikara\u1e47am, viz. adhilokam, adhijyauti\u1e63am = the second one called 'adhijyauti\u1e63am' is being explained.agni\u1e25= agni (fire) is, p\u016brvar\u016bpam = the first letter. \u0101ditya\u1e25 = \u0101ditya (Sun) is, uttarar\u016bpam = the last letter. \u0101pa\u1e25 = water is, sandhi\u1e25 = in the middle,vaidyuta\u1e25 = electricity is, sandh\u0101nam = the connecting factor. iti = this, adhijyauti\u1e63am= the chapter called adhijyauti\u1e63am is explained.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

The term \"sa\u1e43hit\u0101\" is used (in P\u0101\u1e47ini also) in the sense of Morphophonemics, i.e. when two letters are uttered in quick succession, there will be phonemic change. Here the mantra says \u2013 consider the first letter as the form of Agni and the second one as that of \u0100ditya. Water is in between and electricity is the uniting factor. Thus the Adhikara\u1e47am called Adhijyauti\u1e63am is explained. Now one should worship (up\u0101san\u0101) in the same fashion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The system is divided into three Skandhas (parts) \u2013 Muh\u016brta-skandha (dealing with auspicious and inauspicious time etc.), J\u0101taka-skandha or Hor\u0101skandha or Phalitajyoti\u1e63am (deals with predictions) and Siddh\u0101nta-skandha (dealing with preparation of Pa\u00f1c\u0101\u1e47gam or Almanac).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Ved\u0101\u1e45gajyoti\u1e63am<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

It was Lagadh\u0101c\u0101rya, who compiled three works for three Vedas, called Ved\u0101\u1e45gajyoti\u1e63am \u2013 \u0100rcajyoti\u1e63am (\u1e5agveda), Y\u0101ju\u1e63ajyoti\u1e63am (Yajurveda) and \u0100tharvajyoti\u1e63am (Atharvaveda). \u1e5agveda, when recited with g\u0101nam (music) is called S\u0101maveda.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Fundamentals of Jyoti\u1e63am<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Dinam <\/strong>(day) \u2013 A day = 60 gha\u1e6dik\u0101\u1e25 = 24 hours (2\u00bd gha\u1e6dikas = 1 hour); 1 gha\u1e6dik\u0101 = 60 vigha\u1e6dik\u0101\u1e25 = 24 minutes (2\u00bd vigha\u1e6dikas = 1 minute); 1 vigha\u1e6dik\u0101 = 60 lipt\u0101\u1e25 = 24 seconds\u00a0<\/span>(2\u00bd liptas = 1 second).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Seven Days <\/strong>\u2013 Seven days make a week \u2013 the days are named after planets - Raviv\u0101ra\u1e25 (Sunday), Somav\u0101ra\u1e25 (Monday), Ma\u1e45galav\u0101ra\u1e25 (Tuesday \u2013 Mars), Budhav\u0101ra\u1e25 (Wednesday\u00a0<\/span>\u2013\u00a0 Mercury),\u00a0 Guruv\u0101ra\u1e25\u00a0 (Thursday\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 Jupiter),\u00a0 \u015aukrav\u0101ra\u1e25\u00a0 (Friday\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 Venus),\u00a0 \u015aaniv\u0101ra\u00a0<\/span>(Saturday \u2013 Saturn).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Pak\u1e63a\u1e25 <\/strong>\u2013 Two weeks make a Pak\u1e63a (fortnight). Two Pak\u1e63as make one month. During first fortnight, called \u015auklapak\u1e63a (white fortnight), Moon's fifteen Kalas (parts) go in ascending order while during the second fortnight, called K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47apak\u1e63a (black fortnight) the Kalas would run in descending order. Each day is called Tithi (date) and the following fifteen names denote fifteen Tithis. While fourteen names are common to both the Pak\u1e63as there will be difference in the name of the last day:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\"\"\r\n

The duration of a Tithi would be somewhere between 20 hours to 26 hours, and 48 minutes. Names of months <\/strong>\u2013 Twelve such months make a year. Names of M\u0101sas are given following the star with which Candra (Moon) resides with on P\u016br\u1e47im\u0101 (full moon day) of every month. This nomenclature is following one of the five M\u0101nas (systems) called C\u0101ndram\u0101nam and it is followed in some Southern States of India.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

Uttar\u0101ya\u1e47am \u2013 It starts when Ravi enters Makarar\u0101\u015bi (Capricorn) and continues for six months. This period starts in the latter half of Pau\u1e63am\u0101sa (middle of January) - Makarasa\u1e45krama\u1e47am. Uttar\u0101ya\u1e47am is considered to be very auspicious time for performing Vedic rites and Sa\u1e43sk\u0101ras like Viv\u0101ha (marriage) etc.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Dak\u1e63i\u1e47\u0101yanam \u2013 It starts when Ravi enters Karka\u1e6dakar\u0101\u015bi (Cancer) and continues for six months. This period starts in the latter half of \u0100\u1e63\u0101\u1e0dham\u0101sa (middle of July) - Karkatakasa\u1e45krama\u1e47am. For most of the Sa\u1e43sk\u0101ras, this is not considered as auspicious period.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Generally, the Sa\u1e43vatsara starts somewhere between 20th March and 15th April. The Sa\u1e43vatsara is divided into six \u1e5atus, each consisting of two M\u0101sas \u2013<\/p>\r\n\r\n