{"id":41,"date":"2019-09-03T05:58:37","date_gmt":"2019-09-03T05:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=41"},"modified":"2019-09-03T06:00:06","modified_gmt":"2019-09-03T06:00:06","slug":"sixteen-sa%e1%b9%83skaras-%e1%b9%a3o%e1%b8%8dasasa%e1%b9%83skara%e1%b8%a5-part-2-vivaha%e1%b8%a5-and-antye%e1%b9%a3%e1%b9%adi","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/icp05\/chapter\/sixteen-sa%e1%b9%83skaras-%e1%b9%a3o%e1%b8%8dasasa%e1%b9%83skara%e1%b8%a5-part-2-vivaha%e1%b8%a5-and-antye%e1%b9%a3%e1%b9%adi\/","title":{"rendered":"Sixteen Sa\u1e43sk\u0101ras (\u1e62o\u1e0da\u015basa\u1e43sk\u0101r\u0101\u1e25) : Part-2 (Viv\u0101ha\u1e25 and Antye\u1e63\u1e6di)"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
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2.15 Viv\u0101ha\u1e25 (Marriage)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The term literally means (vi\u015bi\u1e63\u1e6da\u1e25 v\u0101ha\u1e25 pr\u0101pa\u1e47am) to make a girl attain wifehood, i.e. earlier there was \"str\u012btvam\" (girlhood) and after marriage she attains \"bh\u0101ry\u0101tvam\" (wifehood) also. This Sa\u1e43sk\u0101ra is the most important of all.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Why Marriage<\/strong>: Taittir\u012byasa\u1e43hit\u0101 (6.3.10.5) says that a Br\u0101hma\u1e47a is born with three debts and the debts of sages and forefathers have to be cleared by performing Yaj\u00f1as (sacrifices) and producing children \u2013<\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u091c\u093e\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b \u0939 \u0935\u0948\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094d\u090b \u0923\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u091a\u092f\u0947\u0923\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0903 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0947\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0943\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0903\u090f\u093f \u0935\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0943\u0923\u094b\u092f\u0903 \u093f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 . . .<\/p>\r\n \r\n

j\u0101yam\u0101no ha vai br\u0101hma\u1e47astribhir\u1e5b\u1e47av\u0101n j\u0101yate brahmacarye\u1e47a \u1e5b\u1e63ibhya\u1e25 yaj\u00f1ena devebhya\u1e25 prajay\u0101 pit\u1e5bbhya\u1e25 e\u1e63a v\u0101 an\u1e5b\u1e47o ya\u1e25 putr\u012b yajv\u0101 brahmac\u0101riv\u0101s\u012b . . .<\/p>\r\n \r\n

A Br\u0101hma\u1e47a is born with three debts \u2013 he has to clear the debt of sages through Brahmacaryam (celibacy), that of deities \/ Godsthrough Yaj\u00f1as (sacrifices) and that of forefathers through producing children. Therefore the Br\u0101hma\u1e47a would be debtless if he has children, performs sacrifices and maintains Brahmacaryam.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Bride and bridegroom<\/strong>: Gautamadharmas\u016btram (Chapter 4) prescribed the qualifications of a bride and bridegroom \u2013<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0917\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0903\u0938\u0926\u0943\u0936\u0940\u0902\u093f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0924\u0947\u0905\u0928\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0942\u0935\u093e\u093e\u0902\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f\u0938\u0940\u092e\u094d(\u096a.\u0967)<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

g\u1e5bhastha\u1e25 sad\u1e5b\u015b\u012b\u1e43 bh\u0101ry\u0101\u1e43 vindate ananyap\u016brv\u0101\u1e43 yav\u012byas\u012bm (4.1)<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

One who wants to become a household should get a girl, who is of the same caste, not promised to others and younger in age.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

K\u0101mas\u016btra (3.1.2) recommends an age gap of three years between the bride and groom. Just like raw pepper causes phlegm and dry pepper kills the phlegm, a girl elder than the groom would affect the longevity of the groom. \u0100yurveda says this clearly \u2013<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0923\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093e \u0915\u093f\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0923\u092e\u093e\u0926\u0926\u0936\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

b\u0101l\u0101 pr\u0101\u1e47aprad\u0101 prokt\u0101 yuvat\u012b pr\u0101\u1e47adh\u0101ri\u1e47\u012b\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n

prau\u1e0dh\u0101 karoti v\u1e5bddhatva\u1e43 b\u1e5bddh\u0101 mara\u1e47am\u0101di\u015bet\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

A girl much younger in age would increase the longevity of the groom, a young girl, i.e. younger in age but not too younger, would help maintain the longevity of the groom, a girl older in age would cause early ageing and too older a lady would cause early death.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0948\u0903\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0903 (\u096a.\u0968)<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

asam\u0101napravarai\u1e25 vipr\u0101\u1e25 (4.2)<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The marriage should be between a bride and groom of different Pravaras.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Sm\u1e5btis prohibited marriage between a bride and groom of the same Gotra (i.e.<\/span>those who are the progeny of the same sage).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

A girl and a boy having S\u0101pi\u1e47\u1e0dya (blood relation) should not marry:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0943\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0941\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0903\u0964\u092c\u0940\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0941\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0903\u093f\u091e\u094d\u091a\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0964(\u096a.\u0969,\u096a,\u096b)<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u016brdhva\u1e43 saptam\u0101t pit\u1e5bbandhubhya\u1e25\u0964 b\u012bjina\u015bca\u0964 m\u0101t\u1e5bbandhubhya\u1e25 pa\u00f1cam\u0101t\u0964<\/span>(4.3, 4, 5)<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Seven generations above father or appointed father (who provides children through Niyoga \/ arrangement) and five generations above mother is the limit to select the girl.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

As per the ancient G\u1e5bhyas\u016btras and Dharmas\u016btras the girls were married around the time of puberty. Having brothers (sabhr\u0101t\u1e5bk\u0101) is a must for a girl to be married, although some conditional procedure is offered for a girl without a brother (abhr\u0101t\u1e5bk\u0101).<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The Bride<\/strong>: \u0100pastambag\u1e5bhyas\u016btram prescribes the qualifications of a girl \u2013<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0941\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0938\u092e\u094d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0905\u093f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0909\u093f\u092f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0964 \u0906\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d,\u0969.\u0967\u096f\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

bandhu\u015b\u012blalak\u1e63a\u1e47asampann\u0101m arog\u0101m upayacchet\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0100pastambag\u1e5bhyas\u016btram 3.19\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

A girl having good relatives, virtues like obedience, auspicious physical characteristics and healthy should be married.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Here health means not having incurable disease like leprosy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

The\u00a0 Bridegroom<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0100pastamba\u00a0 clearly\u00a0\u00a0 states\u00a0 the\u00a0 qualifications\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 a\u00a0\u00a0 good\u00a0<\/span>bridegroom:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0941\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0938\u092e\u094d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0905\u093f\u094b\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0964\u0906\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d\u0969.\u0968\u0970\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

bandhu\u015b\u012blalak\u1e63a\u1e47asampanna\u1e25 \u015brutav\u0101n aroga iti varasampat \u0964 ibid. 3.2\u2026\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

A boy, who is supported by good relatives, virtues like obedience, auspicious physical characteristics, educated and healthy is a good bridegroom.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Here health means without any incurable disease like leprosy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

How to decide<\/strong>: \u0100pastamba (and others) offers an easy way of selecting a bride \u2013<\/span>\u092f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u092e\u0928\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u093f\u094b\u0903\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0928\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0903 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0903 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0906\u0926\u093f\u092f\u0947\u0924\u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915\u0947 \u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0906\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d\u0969.\u0968\u0967\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

yasy\u0101\u1e43 mana\u015bcak\u1e63u\u1e63o\u1e25 nibandha\u1e25 tasy\u0101m \u1e5bddhi\u1e25 netarat \u0101driyeta ityeke \u0964\u00a0<\/span>ibid. 3.21\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

In which girl the mind and eyes get fixed, i.e. the girl liked by mind and eyes of bridegroom, is good as a wife and there will be all round prosperity. Some sages say that if that is the case then the other qualifications need not be given much importance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Needless to say marriage between a bride and groom belonging to the same caste (in Spanish \"Custa\" means \"group\") such as Br\u0101hma\u1e47a, K\u1e63atriya, Vai\u015bya etc. is recommended.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Eight kinds of marriages<\/strong>: Marriages are divided into eight types \u2013<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u094b \u0926\u0948\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0925\u0948\u0935\u093e\u093f\u090b\u0903\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0925\u093e\u0938\u0941\u093f\u0903\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0935\u094b \u093f\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0938\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0948\u0936\u093e\u091a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094b\u093d\u0927\u092e\u0903\u0965\u092e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0903\u0969.\u0968\u0967\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

br\u0101hmo daivastathaiv\u0101r\u1e63a\u1e25 pr\u0101j\u0101patyastath\u0101sura\u1e25.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

g\u0101ndharvo r\u0101k\u1e63asa\u015bcaiva pai\u015b\u0101ca\u015bc\u0101\u1e63\u1e6damo'dhama\u1e25\u0965Manusm\u1e5bti\u1e25 3.21\u0965<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Br\u0101hma, Daiva, \u0100r\u1e63a, Pr\u0101j\u0101patya, \u0100sura, G\u0101ndharva, R\u0101k\u1e63asa and Pai\u015b\u0101ca are the eight kinds of marriages and the last one, i.e. Pai\u015b\u0101ca is condemned.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Here is an explanation of the eight forms of marriage:<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n