{"id":568,"date":"2019-08-05T10:39:16","date_gmt":"2019-08-05T10:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hsp16.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=568"},"modified":"2019-08-05T10:56:30","modified_gmt":"2019-08-05T10:56:30","slug":"bibliography-end-note-foot-note-appendix-abstract-article-writing","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/chapter\/bibliography-end-note-foot-note-appendix-abstract-article-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Bibliography, End Note, Foot Note, Appendix, Abstract &amp; Article Writing"},"content":{"raw":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LUOgvwLQ6CY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>End note<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">End note means citing a particular source and small explanation about a particular content in the research paper or research theses at the end. It is arranged sequentially in relation to where the reference appears in the paper.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Footnote<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Foot notes <\/strong>mean that<strong> w<\/strong>riting notes or particular source about a particular content at the end of the page of the thesis or research paper.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Advantages of Using Endnotes<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Endnotes give clarity about a particular content.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It gives brief idea about the text<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0Disadvantages of Using Endnotes<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">If you want to look at the text of a particular endnote, we have to refer entire research paper.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">We have remember both chapter number and end note number to find out correct one.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Sometimes endnotes may carry a negative understanding<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Advantages of Using Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Easy identification of source note is possible in end note.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It is less time consuming to refer by linking the footnote and the subject of the text.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Footnotes are automatically created when typing pages.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Disadvantages of Using Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The overall look of the page may be affected due to footnotes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">When there are tables and charts, then we must decide where the footnotes should appear.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">When the footnotes are too long, it may dominate the page.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<strong>Things to keep in mind when considering using either endnotes or footnotes in your research paper<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Footnotes must be numbered continuously. Then only easy identification is possible.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">It is better to avoid lengthy footnote.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The footnote is considered as outdated in academic writing. End note is prepared.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The abstract of an article is the brief content of the full paper. The need for the study, objectives of the study and the conclusion of the study must be given.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>How to write an article<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Framing of research question. <\/strong>Based on the research questions, the objectives of the study are framed. The background and the need for the study must be quoted strongly with available statistics and information.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Structure of the paper<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Usually the structure of the paper includes the abstract, introduction, review of literature, methodology, results and discussion, conclusion and suggestion, references. The basic structure of a typical research paper is the sequence of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (sometimes abbreviated as IMRAD).<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>In the introduction part <\/strong>write clearly the background and need for the study, state the broad objectives of the study, specific objectives of the study and hypotheses of the study.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Review of literature:<\/strong>It consists of earlier studies in the stated research area. Relevant review of literature must be given in respective of headings which must in accordance with the objectives of the study<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Methodology: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">It consists of the selection of the study area or selection of the research problem, sources of data, period of the study, statistical tools used and estimation issues, definition of the terms used and limitation of the study.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Results and Discussion: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">It must include the findings of the study and discussion of the research paper. The research findings of the study must be arranged in accordance with the objectives of the study. The discussion of the findings include comparing of current findings with earlier findings.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Summary and Conclusion: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Summarize the findings of the study and write the conclusion and suggestion without repetition and opt to the society based on the empirical findings of the findings.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Table 1<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Typical structure of a research paper<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Introduction<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State what is the reason for selecting the research problem<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State what is the gap in the current knowledge<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State what are the objectives of the study<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Methodology<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Selection of the study area and rationale for studying a particular problem<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Identify and specify the \u2018population\u2019 (patients, doctors, hospitals, etc.)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Frame the sampling design<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Identify variables based on earlier studies<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State the sources of data, method of data collection and period of the study<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Write the estimation issues and specify the models<\/p>\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n1. Results\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Report on data collection and recruitment (response rates, etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Describe participants (demographic, clinical condition, etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Present the research findings with comparison of earlier studies<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Present secondary findings (secondary outcomes, subgroup analyses, etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Present the implication of the present study<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Analyse the strength and weakness of the study<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">State the scope for the future research<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Twenty Steps to Writing a Research Article<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide the list of authors<\/strong>. First decide the list of authors based on their contribution to the research work. The corresponding and co authors must be decided.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>It is better to write before the experiments are complete. When we do like this, some new ideas may come.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide the time to publish<\/strong>. Whether the publication will reflect the complete story. Decide is it time to publish.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide the title and abstract<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>The title of the study should capture the central theme of the research paper. The abstract should highlight the main content of the study.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide about the format of the study. <\/strong>There are three basic formats for peer reviewed research papers.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Full length papers. It uses complete introduction, review of literature, methodology and results and discussion. This format is called IMRAD format.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Short communications<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: This type of research paper may not be written as full length paper. It is not very comprehensive. It is only a brief paper but will highlight the full length paper. These papers also make a significant contribution to the literature. Their length will be set by the journal but is usually 3500 words or less and will contain up to 2\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">tables and\u00a0 \u00a0figures.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Unlike full papers, methods, results, and discussions may be combined into a single section.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Rapid communications<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">:\u00a0 These type of articles will give only hot findings of the study<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">7<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. Select the journal<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">It must be peer reviewed journal and UGC approved journal and very quality journal..<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Focus<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: What is the Discipline of the journal? for example, is it clinical or basic, theoretical or applied?<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Indexing<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: See that whether the journal is indexed in main electronic data bases. Is it indexed in google scholar, thomson reuters, Medline, Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, or Current Contents, scopus?<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Availability<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: Whether the journal is available in both print and online. Whether the journal has high impact factor and world level?<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Reputation<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">:\u00a0 Whether it is reputed journal or not?<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Format<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: See the format of the text of the selected journals. See the font size, font type and style. Refer the instructions to the authors in the journals. <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Charges<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: Some journals are the paid journals. Check for the charges of the journals. Some journals receive charges only for processing the articles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">8.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Start to write the full paper as in the stated format of the selected journal. *9. Frame the tables, figures, and legends<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">11. Document the first draft<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. Write the first draft of the entire manuscript.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">12. Revise the manuscript<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.. First see that is there any gap in the paper and check for continuity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Make changes if it is needed<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Polish the text<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: and check for correct grammar and spelling.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Format the document<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">:<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">13. Check the references<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">essary.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">16. Prepare the final illustrations<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. Ensure that your tables, figures, and figure legends are complete, clear, self-contained, and in the format required by the journal. Do not allow any chance for misunderstanding.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">17. Get feedback on your manuscript and then revise your manuscript again<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">18. Submit the manuscript to the editor<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">19.\u00a0 Follow the submission and the reviewers comments. If the reviewers ask to recorrect and resubmit the paper. Do the needful.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Each and every research work is based on a set of literatures which forms the foundation for the research theme. This includes identification of the broader area of research and then narrow-downing the specific research issues which are not yet tried by other researchers. Further, the literatures are helpful for using appropriate tools of analysis. So, bibliography is an alphabetical catalogue of different literatures which are used in the research.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The references can be classified into journals, books, magazines, newspapers, research studies, etc. These are illustrated below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Journal Articles:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The articles which are taken from journals should be included in the bibliography as per the following format.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">Author(s), Title of the article, Name of the Journal, Volume of the journal, Issue number of the volume, Year of publication, From to numbers of the pages of the article.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">A few examples of journal publications are presented below. If the number of authors is more than two, it is preferable to use et al., after the first author.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R. and Oudaya Sankar, C., \u2018New heuristics for assembly line balancing problems\u2019, International Journal of Management and Systems, Vol.9,<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">No.1, 1993, pp.25-36.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., et al., \u2018Model for warehouse location problem\u2019, International Journal of Management and Systems, Vol.6, 1990, pp.1-8.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Shah,\u00a0 A.M.,\u00a0 \u2018Environmental\u00a0 factors\u00a0 for\u00a0 strategy\u00a0 formulation\u2019,\u00a0 Productivity,<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Vol.36, No.3, 1996, pp.594-599.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Books:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">If some of the items from a book are referred in a research, the format to include that book in the research report is as given below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Author(s), Title of the book, Name of the publisher, Place of publication, Year of publication.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Some examples of such reference are as shown below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Gopalakrishnan, P. and M.Sundaresan, Materials Management: An integrated Approach, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1979.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Green, P.E. et al., Research for Marketing Decisions, Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, 1988.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., Operations Research, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Articles in a book:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The format of an article in a book is as shown below and it is demonstrated with some sample articles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Name of the author(s), Title of the article, Title of the book, Name of the Editor, Name of the Publisher, Pages, Year of publication.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., \u2018Integrated business logistic \u2013 a tool for effective supply chain management\u2019, Supply chain Management, Sahay, B.S., (Ed.), Macmillan India\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Limited, pp.336-346, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Prem\u00a0 Virat,\u00a0 \u2018\u00a0 Supply chain\u00a0 management\u00a0 in\u00a0 India:\u00a0 problems\u00a0 and\u00a0 challenges\u2019,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Supply Chain Management, Sahay, B.S. (Ed.), Macmillan India Limited, pp.10-24, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Government Publications<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Ministry of Law, Government of India, The Copyright Act, 14 of 1957, Delhi, The Manager of Publications, 1960, p.10.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Conference articles<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The format of an article in a conference proceedings is, as shown below, it is demonstrated with some sample articles:<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Name of the author(s), Title of the articles, Name of Conference proceedings, Place of the conference, Dates-month-year of the conference, Pages if applicable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">In some conferences, only abstracts of the articles will be published in which case pages are not applicable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Pires, S.R.I. et al., \u2018Measuring supply chain performance\u2019, Proceedings of the\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Twelth Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society, POM-2001, Orlando, March 30 \u2013 April 2, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Senthilkumar,\u00a0 P.\u00a0 et\u00a0 al.,\u00a0 \u2018Algorithm\u00a0 for\u00a0 AGVS\u00a0 scheduling\u2019,\u00a0 Proceedings\u00a0 of\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">National Convention of Indian Institution of Industrial Engineering, September 7-8, 2001, pp.42-46.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Articles in Newspapers<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Preeti Mishra, \u2018Super computing and drug discovery\u2019. The Hindu, Vol.125,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">No.298, p.17, December 19, 2002<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Shankar, T.S., \u2018Aircraft maintenance: anticipate and manage\u2019, The Hindu,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Vol.125, No.298, p.17, December 19, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">More than one item of author(s)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam R., \u2018Efficient heuristics for total covering problem\u2019, Productivity,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Vol.36, No.4, 1996, pp.649-657.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam R., \u2018Production and operations management\u2019, Prentice Hall of\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">India, New Delhi, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Research Studies<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Narayanan, S., Development of New efficient heuristic for deterministic assembly line balancing problem, Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis, School of Management, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, November, 2000.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., \u2018Algorithmic grouping of operation sequences as an aid to cellular production system\u2019, Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis, Industrial Engineering\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Division, Anna University, Chennai, August 1986.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">When the contribution of author(s) is referred in the main text of the report, the respective authors\u2019 names and year of publication separated by comma are enclosed when parentheses immediately after the point of reference (Panneerselvam, 2002). If the name of the author of a book \/ article is a part of a sentence, then the year of publication of the article alone should be enclosed within parentheses immediately after the name of the author(s), Panneerselvam (2002).<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">If the article corresponding to the location indicated by \u2018*\u2019 in the main text of a report is to be shown as footnotes, then the same is presented as given below at the bottom of the respective page.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, 2002\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">or\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., Operations Research, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">2002.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Appendices<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Each and every chapter of the text in a research report should be crisp so as to enable the readers to have quick grasp of its content. Appendices help achieve such quick grasp of the content of each chapter of the report. Appendices are placed at the end of the report.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">In a chapter, if there is any material whose absence within that chapter itself does not affect the flow of reading and grasp of the content, then it can be presented at the end of the report under the heading \u2018Appendices\u2019. The types of materials which are to be placed under appendices are as listed below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The work of any past research which is used in the current report as a module;<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The format of the questionnaire;<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Original data;<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Intermediate tables of any algorithm which are used in the report;<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Some micro level charts and figures;<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Long tables;<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Organizational details.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Let us summarize, the end note, foot note, advantages of end note, foot note, how to write references, appendix and how to write an article etc were discussed. The above contents are necessary to write a research report or research paper. The end note and foot note give an idea about the main text of the research paper. Without bibliography, a research paper or research report could not be complete. The appendix in a research paper helps to include additional information in a research paper or research report. The method of writing of an article give a brief idea to write an article. For the detailed information and model, refer many web based resources.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>you can view video on Bibliography, End Note, Foot Note, Appendix, Abstract &amp; Article Writing <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LUOgvwLQ6CY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LUOgvwLQ6CY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>End note<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">End note means citing a particular source and small explanation about a particular content in the research paper or research theses at the end. It is arranged sequentially in relation to where the reference appears in the paper.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Footnote<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Foot notes <\/strong>mean that<strong> w<\/strong>riting notes or particular source about a particular content at the end of the page of the thesis or research paper.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Advantages of Using Endnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Endnotes give clarity about a particular content.<\/li>\n<li>It gives brief idea about the text<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0Disadvantages of Using Endnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">If you want to look at the text of a particular endnote, we have to refer entire research paper.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">We have remember both chapter number and end note number to find out correct one.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Sometimes endnotes may carry a negative understanding<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Advantages of Using Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Easy identification of source note is possible in end note.<\/li>\n<li>It is less time consuming to refer by linking the footnote and the subject of the text.<\/li>\n<li>Footnotes are automatically created when typing pages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Disadvantages of Using Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The overall look of the page may be affected due to footnotes.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">When there are tables and charts, then we must decide where the footnotes should appear.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">When the footnotes are too long, it may dominate the page.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Things to keep in mind when considering using either endnotes or footnotes in your research paper<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Footnotes must be numbered continuously. Then only easy identification is possible.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">It is better to avoid lengthy footnote.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The footnote is considered as outdated in academic writing. End note is prepared.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The abstract of an article is the brief content of the full paper. The need for the study, objectives of the study and the conclusion of the study must be given.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>How to write an article<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Framing of research question. <\/strong>Based on the research questions, the objectives of the study are framed. The background and the need for the study must be quoted strongly with available statistics and information.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Structure of the paper<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Usually the structure of the paper includes the abstract, introduction, review of literature, methodology, results and discussion, conclusion and suggestion, references. The basic structure of a typical research paper is the sequence of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (sometimes abbreviated as IMRAD).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>In the introduction part <\/strong>write clearly the background and need for the study, state the broad objectives of the study, specific objectives of the study and hypotheses of the study.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Review of literature:<\/strong>It consists of earlier studies in the stated research area. Relevant review of literature must be given in respective of headings which must in accordance with the objectives of the study<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Methodology: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">It consists of the selection of the study area or selection of the research problem, sources of data, period of the study, statistical tools used and estimation issues, definition of the terms used and limitation of the study.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Results and Discussion: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">It must include the findings of the study and discussion of the research paper. The research findings of the study must be arranged in accordance with the objectives of the study. The discussion of the findings include comparing of current findings with earlier findings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Summary and Conclusion: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Summarize the findings of the study and write the conclusion and suggestion without repetition and opt to the society based on the empirical findings of the findings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Table 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Typical structure of a research paper<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Introduction<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State what is the reason for selecting the research problem<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State what is the gap in the current knowledge<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State what are the objectives of the study<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Methodology<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Selection of the study area and rationale for studying a particular problem<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Identify and specify the \u2018population\u2019 (patients, doctors, hospitals, etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Frame the sampling design<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Identify variables based on earlier studies<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">State the sources of data, method of data collection and period of the study<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Write the estimation issues and specify the models<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Results<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Report on data collection and recruitment (response rates, etc.)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Describe participants (demographic, clinical condition, etc.)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Present the research findings with comparison of earlier studies<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Present secondary findings (secondary outcomes, subgroup analyses, etc.)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Present the implication of the present study<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Analyse the strength and weakness of the study<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">State the scope for the future research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Twenty Steps to Writing a Research Article<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide the list of authors<\/strong>. First decide the list of authors based on their contribution to the research work. The corresponding and co authors must be decided.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>It is better to write before the experiments are complete. When we do like this, some new ideas may come.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide the time to publish<\/strong>. Whether the publication will reflect the complete story. Decide is it time to publish.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide the title and abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>The title of the study should capture the central theme of the research paper. The abstract should highlight the main content of the study.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Decide about the format of the study. <\/strong>There are three basic formats for peer reviewed research papers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Full length papers. It uses complete introduction, review of literature, methodology and results and discussion. This format is called IMRAD format.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Short communications<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: This type of research paper may not be written as full length paper. It is not very comprehensive. It is only a brief paper but will highlight the full length paper. These papers also make a significant contribution to the literature. Their length will be set by the journal but is usually 3500 words or less and will contain up to 2\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">tables and\u00a0 \u00a0figures.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Unlike full papers, methods, results, and discussions may be combined into a single section.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Rapid communications<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">:\u00a0 These type of articles will give only hot findings of the study<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">7<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. Select the journal<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">It must be peer reviewed journal and UGC approved journal and very quality journal..<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Focus<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: What is the Discipline of the journal? for example, is it clinical or basic, theoretical or applied?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Indexing<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: See that whether the journal is indexed in main electronic data bases. Is it indexed in google scholar, thomson reuters, Medline, Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, or Current Contents, scopus?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Availability<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: Whether the journal is available in both print and online. Whether the journal has high impact factor and world level?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Reputation<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">:\u00a0 Whether it is reputed journal or not?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Format<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: See the format of the text of the selected journals. See the font size, font type and style. Refer the instructions to the authors in the journals. <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Charges<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: Some journals are the paid journals. Check for the charges of the journals. Some journals receive charges only for processing the articles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">8.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Start to write the full paper as in the stated format of the selected journal. *9. Frame the tables, figures, and legends<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">11. Document the first draft<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. Write the first draft of the entire manuscript.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">12. Revise the manuscript<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.. First see that is there any gap in the paper and check for continuity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Make changes if it is needed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Polish the text<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">: and check for correct grammar and spelling.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Format the document<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">13. Check the references<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">essary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">16. Prepare the final illustrations<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. Ensure that your tables, figures, and figure legends are complete, clear, self-contained, and in the format required by the journal. Do not allow any chance for misunderstanding.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">17. Get feedback on your manuscript and then revise your manuscript again<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">18. Submit the manuscript to the editor<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">19.\u00a0 Follow the submission and the reviewers comments. If the reviewers ask to recorrect and resubmit the paper. Do the needful.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Each and every research work is based on a set of literatures which forms the foundation for the research theme. This includes identification of the broader area of research and then narrow-downing the specific research issues which are not yet tried by other researchers. Further, the literatures are helpful for using appropriate tools of analysis. So, bibliography is an alphabetical catalogue of different literatures which are used in the research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The references can be classified into journals, books, magazines, newspapers, research studies, etc. These are illustrated below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Journal Articles:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The articles which are taken from journals should be included in the bibliography as per the following format.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">Author(s), Title of the article, Name of the Journal, Volume of the journal, Issue number of the volume, Year of publication, From to numbers of the pages of the article.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">A few examples of journal publications are presented below. If the number of authors is more than two, it is preferable to use et al., after the first author.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R. and Oudaya Sankar, C., \u2018New heuristics for assembly line balancing problems\u2019, International Journal of Management and Systems, Vol.9,<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">No.1, 1993, pp.25-36.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., et al., \u2018Model for warehouse location problem\u2019, International Journal of Management and Systems, Vol.6, 1990, pp.1-8.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Shah,\u00a0 A.M.,\u00a0 \u2018Environmental\u00a0 factors\u00a0 for\u00a0 strategy\u00a0 formulation\u2019,\u00a0 Productivity,<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Vol.36, No.3, 1996, pp.594-599.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Books:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">If some of the items from a book are referred in a research, the format to include that book in the research report is as given below:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Author(s), Title of the book, Name of the publisher, Place of publication, Year of publication.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Some examples of such reference are as shown below:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Gopalakrishnan, P. and M.Sundaresan, Materials Management: An integrated Approach, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1979.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Green, P.E. et al., Research for Marketing Decisions, Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, 1988.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., Operations Research, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Articles in a book:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The format of an article in a book is as shown below and it is demonstrated with some sample articles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Name of the author(s), Title of the article, Title of the book, Name of the Editor, Name of the Publisher, Pages, Year of publication.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., \u2018Integrated business logistic \u2013 a tool for effective supply chain management\u2019, Supply chain Management, Sahay, B.S., (Ed.), Macmillan India\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Limited, pp.336-346, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Prem\u00a0 Virat,\u00a0 \u2018\u00a0 Supply chain\u00a0 management\u00a0 in\u00a0 India:\u00a0 problems\u00a0 and\u00a0 challenges\u2019,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Supply Chain Management, Sahay, B.S. (Ed.), Macmillan India Limited, pp.10-24, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Government Publications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Ministry of Law, Government of India, The Copyright Act, 14 of 1957, Delhi, The Manager of Publications, 1960, p.10.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Conference articles<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The format of an article in a conference proceedings is, as shown below, it is demonstrated with some sample articles:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Name of the author(s), Title of the articles, Name of Conference proceedings, Place of the conference, Dates-month-year of the conference, Pages if applicable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">In some conferences, only abstracts of the articles will be published in which case pages are not applicable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Pires, S.R.I. et al., \u2018Measuring supply chain performance\u2019, Proceedings of the\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Twelth Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society, POM-2001, Orlando, March 30 \u2013 April 2, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Senthilkumar,\u00a0 P.\u00a0 et\u00a0 al.,\u00a0 \u2018Algorithm\u00a0 for\u00a0 AGVS\u00a0 scheduling\u2019,\u00a0 Proceedings\u00a0 of\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">National Convention of Indian Institution of Industrial Engineering, September 7-8, 2001, pp.42-46.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Articles in Newspapers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Preeti Mishra, \u2018Super computing and drug discovery\u2019. The Hindu, Vol.125,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">No.298, p.17, December 19, 2002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Shankar, T.S., \u2018Aircraft maintenance: anticipate and manage\u2019, The Hindu,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Vol.125, No.298, p.17, December 19, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">More than one item of author(s)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam R., \u2018Efficient heuristics for total covering problem\u2019, Productivity,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Vol.36, No.4, 1996, pp.649-657.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam R., \u2018Production and operations management\u2019, Prentice Hall of\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">India, New Delhi, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Research Studies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Narayanan, S., Development of New efficient heuristic for deterministic assembly line balancing problem, Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis, School of Management, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, November, 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., \u2018Algorithmic grouping of operation sequences as an aid to cellular production system\u2019, Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis, Industrial Engineering\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Division, Anna University, Chennai, August 1986.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">When the contribution of author(s) is referred in the main text of the report, the respective authors\u2019 names and year of publication separated by comma are enclosed when parentheses immediately after the point of reference (Panneerselvam, 2002). If the name of the author of a book \/ article is a part of a sentence, then the year of publication of the article alone should be enclosed within parentheses immediately after the name of the author(s), Panneerselvam (2002).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">If the article corresponding to the location indicated by \u2018*\u2019 in the main text of a report is to be shown as footnotes, then the same is presented as given below at the bottom of the respective page.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, 2002\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">or\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Panneerselvam, R., Operations Research, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">2002.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Appendices<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Each and every chapter of the text in a research report should be crisp so as to enable the readers to have quick grasp of its content. Appendices help achieve such quick grasp of the content of each chapter of the report. Appendices are placed at the end of the report.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">In a chapter, if there is any material whose absence within that chapter itself does not affect the flow of reading and grasp of the content, then it can be presented at the end of the report under the heading \u2018Appendices\u2019. The types of materials which are to be placed under appendices are as listed below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The work of any past research which is used in the current report as a module;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The format of the questionnaire;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Original data;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Intermediate tables of any algorithm which are used in the report;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Some micro level charts and figures;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Long tables;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Organizational details.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Let us summarize, the end note, foot note, advantages of end note, foot note, how to write references, appendix and how to write an article etc were discussed. The above contents are necessary to write a research report or research paper. The end note and foot note give an idea about the main text of the research paper. Without bibliography, a research paper or research report could not be complete. The appendix in a research paper helps to include additional information in a research paper or research report. The method of writing of an article give a brief idea to write an article. For the detailed information and model, refer many web based resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>you can view video on Bibliography, End Note, Foot Note, Appendix, Abstract &amp; Article Writing <\/strong><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LUOgvwLQ6CY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"menu_order":49,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["dr-s-gandhimathi"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[66],"license":[],"class_list":["post-568","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-dr-s-gandhimathi"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":570,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/568\/revisions\/570"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/568\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=568"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=568"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}