{"id":203,"date":"2019-05-10T06:59:06","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T06:59:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hsp04.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=203"},"modified":"2019-05-10T07:00:15","modified_gmt":"2019-05-10T07:00:15","slug":"cleaning-agents","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp04\/chapter\/cleaning-agents\/","title":{"rendered":"CLEANING AGENTS"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n1. Introduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Cleanliness is important for many reasons, which has the impact on guests. The housekeeping staffs have the most direct contact with the guests\u2019 rooms and have important role to ensuring that the guests have a comfortable and pleasant stay in the hotel. Cleaning is primarily the removal of dust and dirt. Dust being composed of loose particles, is removed comparatively easily by the various types of equipments. Dirt however, owing to its adherences to surfaces by means of grease \/moisture, requires the use of cleaning agents.<\/strong> The main reasons for cleaning are: To promote health and safety, to prolong the life of furniture, fixture fittings and surfaces & to improve the appearance of the establishments.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n2. Objectives<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nAfter the study of this lesson, you should be able to:\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Understand the various cleaning agents.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Demonstrate the sales of using cleaning agents\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n3.\u00a0 <\/strong>General principles in selection of cleaning agents<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Remove all surface soil and obstructions before cleaning.<\/p>\r\n

b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Always use the simplest method of cleaning and the mildest cleaning agent<\/p>\r\n

c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Be aware of possible safety hazards,.<\/p>\r\n

d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Removal all dust and dirt.<\/p>\r\n

e.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Use mild rather than strong agents as they are less injurious to surfaces.<\/p>\r\n

f.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Purity of samples also important. They are cheap substitutes that might show immediate results but in a long run may damage surfaces as they are likely to contain strong chemicals and abrasives.<\/p>\r\n

g.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buy\u00a0 polishes\u00a0 in\u00a0 manageable\u00a0 containers\u00a0 as\u00a0 bulk\u00a0 purchases\u00a0 could\u00a0 cause congestion in stores. The containers must have reliable lids, corks, etc. as defective once could result in wastage due to evaporation and drying.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Carry out each cleaning process in the quickest possible time, to the standard, and with due consideration for the convenience of guests.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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4.Cleaning agents <\/strong>Cleaning agents in general can defined as natural or synthetic substances used in conjunction with the right equipment that are used to assist the cleaning process to facilitate the removal of dust and dirt .<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Cleaning agents are perhaps the most critical aids of housekeeping staff in their job to keep a sparkling house. Basically the cleaning process is carried out toremove dust and dirt . while normal dusting with a cloth or vacuum cleaner removes loose dust, cleaning agents would be required when dust becomes grit and is stubborn to remove. The use cleaning agents as well as the cleaning equipment has become very necessary in housekeeping department. Various types of cleaning agents are used for cleaning the guest rooms, bathroom, toilets and other public areas. Typical cleaning agents include aqueous and semi-aqueous cleaning agents, solvents, acids, alkalis and abrasives used by the housekeeping staff. Some of the popularly used cleaning agents in hotels under the brand names ECOLAB and TASKI<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nSome of the common agents used are:\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n4.1. Classification of cleaning agents<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n4.1.1Water:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Water is probably the most common and widely used agent as it is freely available. It is useful in rising and finishing of cleaning process. Precaution must be taken to change dirty water with4 fresh water because it could leave a film of dirt instead of removing it. Warm water dissolves soap more readily than cold water; hence it must be used to remove dirty soap lather. Water is of two types,<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nHard water and Soft water.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Soft water is best for cleaning. Hardness in water is caused by the presence of mineral salts \u2013 mostly calcium (ca) and magnesium (mg), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The mineral salts react with soap to form an insoluble precipitate known as soap film or scum. The result is that the soap film does not rinse away easily. It tends to remain beyond and produces visible deposits on clothing making it stiff. It attaches to the insides of bath tubs and sinks. Caution must be taken that the water is soft as no\u00a0detergent is effective with hard water. Moreover, hard water does not wet the surface well as a precondition for good cleaning action.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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4.1.2. Solvents: <\/strong>A solvent may be defined as a liquid that dissolve a solid or liquid solute, resulting in a solution. It is the simplest cleaning agent and some forms of dirt will be dissolved by it. Normally unless it is used in conjunction with some other agent like detergent, because water is not an effective cleaning agent. Solvents are substances, which remove dirt by liquefying it and holding it in .Warm water dissolves soap more than cold water; hence it must be used to remove dirty soap lather. Most of the detergents are ineffective with hard water. More water does not wet the surface adequately which is a precondition for good action.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

4.1.3. Detergent & soaps: <\/strong>Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist clean term is sometimes used to differentiate between soap and other chemical surf act for cleaning purposes. Detergent are cleaning agents which when used with water can loosen and remove dirt and then hold it in suspension so that not re-deposited on the cleaning surface.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Detergents have good emulsifying power so that grease and oil are broken up and extent dissolved.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 It also have a good suspending power so that the dirt particles when suspended in the solution.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Detergents are effective over a wide range of temperatures\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Its harmless to the articles as well as to skin\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 With minimum agitation to clean quickly\r\n\r\n \r\n

Detergents and soaps are used for cleaning because pure water can\u2019t remove oily organic soiling. Soap cleans by acting as an emulsifier. Basically, soap allows oil and water to mix so that oily grime can be removed during rising. Detergents are primarily surfactants which are produced from petrochemicals. Surfactants lower the surface tension of water, essentially making it \u2019wetter\u2019 so that it is less likely to stick to itself and more likely to interact with oil and grease. Detergents are similar to soap,<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 but they are less likely to form films (soap scum) and are not as affected by the presence of minerals in water (hard water).<\/span>\r\n

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4.1.4. Abrasives: Abrasives <\/strong>are substance used for removing or cleaning dirt from hard surface. The extent to which they will rub or scratch a surface depends on the nature of the abrasives materials and on the size and shape of particles .Abrasives cleaners generally use some kind of grit to boost their cleaning ability, along with detergent, acids, alkalis, and other compounds. Some are in powder form while others are suspensions of abrasives in liquid. The quartz or silica that constitutes the girt will easily scratch or damage softer surfaces such as laminate, fibreglass, stainless, steel, etc.. Precautionary measures have to be taken while cleaning the very hard surface such as porcelain, Abrasives will dull and scratch the surface.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nClassification of Abrasives<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

a.<\/strong>Fine abrasives: <\/strong>includes whiting (filtered chalk), jewels rouge (a pink oxide of iron). Used for shining silver commercially sold as silver polshes.<\/p>\r\n

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b.\u00a0<\/strong>Medium abrasives: <\/strong>includes scouring powders and paste. Scouring powders are made up of fine minerals generally lime stone or calcite mixed with soap or detergent and alkalis to remove grease and little bleach.<\/p>\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n

c.\u00a0<\/strong>Hard \/ Course abrasives: <\/strong>includes sand paper, steel, wool etc. some more examples are glass, sand and emery papers, , nylon web, powdered pumice and fine ash. These are used as finely ground powder, like vim or liquid or cream form.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Abrasive cleanser will often work where others fail. Liquid abrasives cleansers are generally more expensive but are convenient to use.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n4.1.5 Liquid cleaning agent<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

These can be either diluted in little water or used directly with a dry cloth. Common liquid cleaning agent is<\/p>\r\n\r\n