{"id":50,"date":"2019-05-03T06:51:08","date_gmt":"2019-05-03T06:51:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hsp03.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=50"},"modified":"2019-05-03T06:54:10","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T06:54:10","slug":"goals-as-demands","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp03\/chapter\/goals-as-demands\/","title":{"rendered":"GOALS AS DEMANDS"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\nLearning Objective<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

To understand the different demands in life and career to set the goals and achieve its target.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nIntroduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Goals are very important for a human life. Wants of the family member are fulfilled by setting goal. Goals are clear and changeable. They can be understood and defined easily. Individuals and families throughout their life try to reach new methods of attaining goals. Goals are nothing more than the ends that individual or families are willing to work for. They are more definite than values because they are to be accomplished. Goals are always based on values. Some goals are direct and definite. Some goals are achieved in a short time and other goals the longer duration of time. Some goals cannot be achieved in one\u2019s life time, like social welfare, social improvements programmed are always there.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nDefinition of Goal:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Gross and Crandall stated that Goal setting involves the identification of aims or purposes. Goals must be reasonably realistic and attainable. Associated with the setting of goals is an intention to do something toward the achievement of them, i.e., a commitment to the realization of the goal(s).<\/p>\r\n \r\n

According to Mullick, Goal is an end, towards the accomplishment of which an individual or a family is willing to work. Goal setting is a continuous process; as soon as goal is achieved other goal is pursued. Goals grow out of desires, attitudes and values. They are preset, achievable targets which are to be reached.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nDefinition of goal setting:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

The definition of goal setting is the process of identifying something that you want to accomplish and establish measurable goals and time frames. On a financial change to save more money first keep aside certain amount to save each month and then start to spend the balance money.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nOrigin and Development of Goals:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Goals originated from desires, human values, changing environment, thoughts and attitude to make life successful and to develop good personality, goals are formulated. Goal is a predetermined objective for achieving the goal one easily formulates a working method and\u00a0a suitable programme. New theory and new techniques are searched to achieve goals more successfully. Goals are related to both standards and values.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nGoals Attributes:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

1. Goals are helpful in the development of personality, well-planned goals will satisfy an individual\u2019s interests, attitudes, desires and make the life successful .<\/p>\r\n

2. Formation of goals is an automatic process. If a member of the family tries to fulfil his desires, goals are automatically formulated.<\/p>\r\n

3.Achieving goal is a continuous process. As soon as one goal is achieved another goal is arrived.<\/p>\r\n

4.Goals are changeable. Any change in need, interest and want will change the goals. This is a natural process.<\/p>\r\n

5. Goals are based on time. Some goals are achieved in short time and all these short term goals unite to form a long term goal like getting education, maintaining health, etc.,<\/p>\r\n

6. Goals are individualistic and for a group. Family goals are combined effort of family members. Every family member will have his\/her individual goal, e.g.-Family health, education are group goals.<\/p>\r\n

7. Goals should be practical and factual, that can be achieved in reasonable time for example project completion. For achieving project one should have collect details related to project, finance etc.,<\/p>\r\n

8. Based on the availability of resources, one should formulate the goals, otherwise they will be unsuitable. Human resources and non-human resources are important for determining a goal.<\/p>\r\n

9. Goals are affected by the society. For example tradition and belief of a society affect the goal setting of a family.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nGoal Areas<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Although each family will develop its own pattern of goals, it is instructive to review goal areas which have been identified by writers or researchers. In one regional research project in which family goals where related to major financial decisions, nine goal areas were identified: (1) financial security and growth, (2) level of living, (3) housing and environment, (4) education, (5) family relationships and management, (6) health, (7) community\u00a0involvement, (8) income and occupation, and (9) retirement. Goals relate to family interaction tend to be more abstract.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\u00a0 Types of Motivation<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Types of motivation are as follows<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Intrinsic Motivation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Intrinsic motivation means that the individual's motivational stimuli are coming from within. Below are some examples:<\/p>\r\n \r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Acceptance: Our decisions, should be accepted by our co-workers.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Honor: Respect the rules and be ethical.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Independence: Feel for uniqueness.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order: Organize and give priority for the most important one.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Social contact: Some social interactions is essential.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Social Status: Increases confident.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nExtrinsic Motivation<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nExtrinsic motivation <\/a>is a behavior or an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment. An example of behaviours includes:\r\n\r\n \r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Studying because you want to get a good result.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cleaning room to avoid being mess in front of parents.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Participating in sports activities to win championship.<\/p>\r\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Competing in a contest to win a prize.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

In each of these examples, the behavior is motivated by a desire to gain a reward or avoid an adverse outcome. This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nSetting goals:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Goal setting requires looking toward the future, visualizing either what one specifically wants to accomplish or at least the direction in which one wishes to go. Families can determine their objectives indeed; families are responsible for creating objectives desired by them and uniquely their own.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n

Setting life goals help us keep focused and give our days purpose. By concentrating solely on the achievement of our goals we find ourselves feeling disappointed or unfilled upon completion. We must begin by understanding that goals, which are the means and not the end. After all, if we are able to properly set goals that are aligned with our internal value, then we are more likely to not only achieve our goals but enjoy the process of achieving them as well. And through that ultimate journey and evolution of our goals is where our true happiness lies.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRole of goal setting in an individual:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe Five Golden Rules<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Set Goals that Motivate: It is important that goals should motivate it means there is value in achieving them.<\/p>\r\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Set SMART Goals. ...<\/p>\r\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Set Goals in Writing. ...<\/p>\r\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Make an Action Plan. ...<\/p>\r\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stick With It!<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nSet goals:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Decide. Think of something you want to do or work towards. ...\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Write it down. Carefully. ...\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Telling someone about goals. ...\r\n\r\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Break your goal down. ...\r\n\r\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plan your first step. ...\r\n\r\n6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Keep going. ...\r\n\r\n7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Celebrate.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nWrite a goal:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

First consider what to achieve, and then commit to it. Set SMART (Specific, Measureable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-Bound) goals that motivate and write them down to make them feel tangible. Then plan the steps to realize goal and cross off each one as you work through them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRole of Goal setting in Family Life:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

A goal is more specific and tangible and hence can be easily defined and understood. Goal is an objective or purpose to be attained towards the achievement of which the policies and procedures of a programme are fashioned. Goals are interrelated, interdependent and carried as part of every home maker\u2019s day. They play an important role in every one's life and are dynamic because they motivate the thoughts and action as group in family. Members of the family have total freedom to set their goals. Goals must be set to improvise the quality of life,<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Goals must be SMART enough to act. Specific (clear, concise, tangible), Measurable (Rupees, volume, time, experiences), Actionable (actually make this happen), Realistic and Timed (deadlines announced, committed to).<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nRole of goal setting in an organization:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

According to Barney and Griffin, organizational goals serve four basic functions;<\/p>\r\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They provide guidance and direction,<\/p>\r\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Facilitate planning, Motivate and inspire employees<\/p>\r\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Help organizations evaluate and control performance.<\/p>\r\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Organizational goals inform employees where the organization is aiming and plans to get there.<\/p>\r\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 By helping employees their individual work contributes to the overall goals of the institution, we enable them to make their own decisions about how to spend their work time so that their work is consistent with the priorities of the organization.<\/p>\r\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The consequences are employees know what they must do, how well they must do it and why they are doing it.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Clear goals and objectives allow employees to monitor their own progress all year around and correct their efforts as necessary. If employees know what they need to accomplish, they can look at their results as they go and identify barriers to achieving those goals.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nTYPES\u00a0\u00a0 OF<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GOALS:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe goals are classified as\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Long - term\u00a0 goals\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Short - term\u00a0 goals\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Means - end\u00a0 goal\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.\u00a0\u00a0 Long\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 term\u00a0\u00a0 Goals<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Goals which take long duration of time to be fulfilled are known as long term goal. Long term goals are more stable and they are achieved slowly. The long-term goals are considered fairly permanent. They are sought over long periods of time and consequently ever present. These are the goals that have real meaning to the family group. Example: Educating the children, buying a new car or taking family vacations each year that flow along with other goals and require constant attention. The method to achieve long term goal is different:<\/p>\r\n \r\n

a. Family health, higher education and intellectual development of the member of the family.<\/p>\r\n

b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To create a congenial environment example physical, social, moral and cultural aspects must take place.<\/p>\r\n

c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Work-schedule should be planned to achieve all the goals.<\/p>\r\n

d.\u00a0\u00a0 Goals should fulfill the needs and wants of the family members.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

In order to fulfill the needs and wants of the family members, home should provide a space for feeling of love, affection, patience and sacrifice among all the family members.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

2.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Intermediate or short-term goals<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Families often set intermediate or short-term goals for themselves, as means of achieving long-term goals. These are more definite than long term goals and it is easier to form a clear-cut picture of them. They frequently involve decisions or choices made from among several alternatives among themselves because it seems that they will prove the best means of achieving certain long term goals. Example: Women wish to keep her house look attractive, children doing homework regularly.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Short term goals are necessary for daily routine. They are plenty in number. All the short term goals are not equally important some of the short term goals are achieved to supplement the long-term goal. For example, long term goal for higher education can be achieved when short-term goals of completing school education then going to collage to achieve a degree and so on. This is important that short-term goals should be incorporated in daily routine so that long-term goal can be achieved successfully.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n3. Means - end goals:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n

These types of goals are limited to the available resources or when the effectiveness, of a decision ends. Mean - end goals are completed as soon as the resources are finished. They are not short-term or long-term goal. They are the decision made or the steps taken to attain intermediate goals. They end in themselves and that are reached with the small number of activities. For example, purchasing of some articles in a limited budget, payment of the bill, decorating an interior, writing a cheque and so on. By combining the means, end activities like sweeping, dusting, mopping the floor, arranging the furniture, fullfill the intermediate goal, i.e., keeping home look attractive is attained.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Benefits of Goals<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

1. Clear Focus<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Properly stated goals clearly set out self intentions and desires; the things really want to achieve.<\/p>\r\n

2. Effective Use of Time<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

It is universal but when utilized properly, it reaches peak. As Peter Drucker says: \u201cIf you want to improve to manage time \u2013 stop doing what doesn\u2019t need to be done!\u201d<\/p>\r\n

3. Peace of Mind<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Too often you can have many things on mind. Writing down your goals can help you take all of those ideas, apply perspective and priority, then galvanize into commitment and action.<\/p>\r\n

4. Make Better use of Time<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Without clear goals, it\u2019s often very difficult to manage time and juggle competing priorities. When goals are written, start to prioritize work towards goals above other activities such as watching television.<\/p>\r\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Enjoyment <\/strong>Goals are the antidote to the most dreaded of social diseases: boredom. How<\/p>\r\n

can you be bored when you\u2019ve got exciting things to do? Goals make our lives more fun, more interesting and more challenging.<\/p>\r\n

6.\u00a0 <\/strong>Fulfillment <\/strong>Setting goals help us see what\u2019s possible. Each successful step toward attaining them builds confidence. Each goal completed helps us see more of what\u2019s possible and leads to new goals and more success.<\/p>\r\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Independence <\/strong>Goals help us take charge of our own lives. Instead of following the crowd or wandering through life, we choose our own path, the one that leads to fulfilment of our ambitions.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\nIndividual living in a society pursues bad behaviour, it has a bearing on the society.\r\n\r\n \r\n

1.Impatience<\/strong>: Our culture expects immediate result but vision takes its own time.<\/p>\r\n

2.Fear of Failure<\/strong>: A failure to one person might simply be a great learning experience for someone else.<\/p>\r\n

3.Lack of Information<\/strong>: Ignorance and not being informed both leads to obstacles in goal achievement.<\/p>\r\n

4.Limiting beliefs<\/strong>: Limiting beliefs are those which constrain us in some way. They are often about ourselves and our self-identity.<\/p>\r\n

5.Own motivation<\/strong>: Motivation is essential for productivity. If self confidence is not there goals cannot be achieved.<\/p>\r\n

6.Money<\/strong>: Money is a common reason for not pursuing goal. Always some instance will occur to drag the money.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nWhy goal changes<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

The major goals that are create and sought by each family naturally grow out of its own environment and experience. Although the goals of families differ in some respects, the major and ultimate goals of homemaking may be stated as follows:-<\/p>\r\n \r\n

1. Optimum physical and mental health for each members of the family.<\/p>\r\n

2. Optimum development of the individual members of the family.<\/p>\r\n

3. Satisfying family relations.<\/p>\r\n

4.Recognition, acceptance and appreciation of human differences.<\/p>\r\n

5. Establishing satisfactory relationship with the community and other subsystem of the society.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

The goals of an individual person or family are probably much influenced by the social group with one interacts. This is true in terms of students when they are compared with their reference group or homemakers with their social group. In each situation their goals would be moulded by the peer influences.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Events as demands: <\/strong>Ideal values must be conceptualized so as to be consistent with the organisations external, internal and technological demands.<\/p>\r\n

External events: <\/strong>External demands include society expectations, customer needs, competitors, capabilities, market structure, regulatory directives, owner\u2019s expectations and the community at large.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n

\u00a0 Internal events: <\/strong>Internal events such as family events, disease, bodily changes in puberty and life stressors. Internal demands are the demands of employees, including both salaried and hourly categories.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nStandards<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Standards are based on resources, values and goals. A functional system is developed to achieve goals, which are based on values. Standards specify the standard of living, behavior, personality and in decision making process. Standard has the power to affect one\u2019s life. Values and goals are based on hypothetical facts, but standards are stable. One can make out the person\u2019s character, behavior, culture etc., on the basis of standards. Standard depicts the managerial process and the future perspective of the life style of the family members. Standards measure the amount and degree of interest and satisfaction received from the values. They set limits, within which one has to work to achieve goals. Evaluating standard is a difficult task because the parameters and the criteria of measurement lie in the minds of people. Standards determines the limit, a goal should strive to achieve.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nTypes of Standards:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTypes of standards are as follows\r\n\r\n \r\n

Quantitative or Objective Standard:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

These are the easiest standard to identify and apply since they are readily observable. They can be compared with those of others. These standards are measured in terms of rupee, kilogram. For example, food intake is measured in terms of calories.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Qualitative or Subjective Standard:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Specific measure cannot be identified. Each individual may have a different criterion. These cannot be compared. These standards are measured mentally. Comparative words are used to indicate the importance as low, high etc., Example of qualitative standards are standards that are set in order to keep one\u2019s room clean. To one person room which has been dusted might appear clean but to another, it might still be dirty since a wet duster has not been used.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Conventional or Traditional Standard:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Rigid standards are often associated with social or religious, rites and are therefore imposed on the family by a social or religious group. These standards are not flexible and measured by values like religion, honesty and so on. They are socially acceptable standard, which involve social behavior, mode of dress, social customs, modes, life style patterns and many other\u00a0aspects of daily life. Examples of traditional standards are touching feet of elders, wearing school uniform to school.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0Unconventional or Transitional Standard:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Flexible standards are those that allow us to adjust our procedure or conduct to conditions. Acceptance of flexible standards gives greater freedom of choice and life is likely to be more relaxed, relations less strained and anxieties less apparent. These standards are flexible and measured by comfort, knowledge, friendliness and so on. They are consciously adopted to a given situation. They serve as indicator or the direction in which the society is moving. Examples of transitional standards are the type of dress to wear while going to college like salwar suit, Bride dressing like Lehenga choli.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nSummary:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Goals play a decisive, dynamic and leading role in everyone\u2019s life; motivating the thoughts and actions of individuals as well as of the members of the family. As a result, goal is an end towards the accomplishment of which an individual or a family is willing to work. Definition of goal and goal setting, origin and development of goals, goal attributes, goal areas, types, benefits, role of goal setting in an individual, family and organization, obstacles to goal achievement, events as demands, external demands and internal demands, Standards and its types were discussed.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
you can view video on GOALS AS DEMANDS<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n\r\nReferences\r\n\r\n \r\n