{"id":307,"date":"2019-05-02T10:22:25","date_gmt":"2019-05-02T10:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=307"},"modified":"2019-05-02T10:23:04","modified_gmt":"2019-05-02T10:23:04","slug":"features-of-landscape-garden-and-gardening-plants","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/chapter\/features-of-landscape-garden-and-gardening-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE GARDEN AND GARDENING PLANTS"},"content":{"raw":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Q2K8ZAd5Pag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE GARDEN AND GARDENING PLANTS Introduction:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Growing ornamental plants to decorate indoor and outdoor area is called landscape gardening. Gardening is one of the most important division in horticulture. Landscape garden is a place where ornamental plants are grown with non- living elements mainly for recreation . Landscape garden is a planned place where people can relax and enjoy. Garden is created both natural and man-made materials. A Garden helps us to maintain clean and beautiful surroundings and also gives us a regular exercise. Foliage plants, flowering annuals, biennials, perennials, climbers, succulents, cacti, palms, ferns, etc., are grown in gardens to have a good scenery in these places. Gardening improves the aesthetic value of the locations. The common forms of garden are public gardens, fruit garden, vegetable garden and residential garden. Among all of these landscape garden increase the peace, beauty of the surroundings.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Objectives<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Landscape facilitate to gain precise knowledge regarding materials, practices planning of garden etc.,<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To understand the importance of plants in landscape gardening<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To learn the principles of landscape gardening have a knowledge regarding different garden elements and adornments<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Planning a Landscape Garden<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWhile Planning a garden the following points should be taken into consideration.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Climatic consideration<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Type of soil<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Design style<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Care and maintenance<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<strong>1.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Climatic Considerations<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The annual rainfall, temperature, frost, etc. should be considered while making a design of gardens. City is usually warmer and more sheltered all year round than the rural areas. Coastal regions are vulnerable to salt \u2013 laden winds. So suitable plants should be selected according to the general climate of the area.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>2.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Soil Considerations<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Plant growth essentially depends on soil type, drainage, soil texture and soil pH. Therefore, the soil should be surveyed properly before choosing plants to grow in the area.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>3.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Design Considerations<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 While designing a garden its immediate surrounding is considered rather than in isolation. A more detailed plan may be drawn, showing good and bad views, the direction of prevailing winds, and shelter.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0If there is frequent noise, it should be checked by growing evergreen trees along the margin of the garden. The garden should be viewed from the street or from the front door of the house. The existing area should be minimum but enriched with plants.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Foundation areas should be allotted for attractive shrubs and herbaceous perennials because these areas receive primary attention of viewers.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Outdoor living areas should be away from the garden, especially on either sides of the house. They should be separated from the garden by erecting fences or shrubs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>4.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Maintenance Considerations<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">All gardens, even if informal or wild, need some care and attention to keep them in good condition. Before deciding on a design, be realistic about the man power required for making the garden. Choose the plants that need less care.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0In South INDIA, home landscapes are planned to provide enough shade to the home lands because light intensity is high in this area. Further, the home land is judiciously assigned for outdoor living, vehicle parking, children play and others to avoid the interference of the garden area. Separate areas are also allotted for growing sacred flowers, vegetable gardening and flowers for personal decorations.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Planting Operations<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The planting operations involve the following steps:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Hedges and edges are planted in linear system.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Trees are planted in square system or rectangular system or hexagonal system or diagonal system or triangular system.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Boarders are grown along the sides of foot paths.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Arche is erected at the entrance of the garden.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Pergolas are created over the foot path.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Rockery is created at an elevated place.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Shrubs, flower beds and lawn are grown at suitable locations in the garden.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Climbers and creepers are planted near the walls, pillars, arches and pergolas and allowed to grow over them.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>A greenhouse is constructed in a suitable location in the garden.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>10.\u00a0 <\/strong>Sunken garden is established in natural depression.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>11.\u00a0 <\/strong>Water garden is established in water pools.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>12.\u00a0 <\/strong>Trophy is made on slopes.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>13.\u00a0 <\/strong>Ground forms, structures and plants should be organized into a pleasing composition.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>14.\u00a0 <\/strong>Shade trees should be planted in suitable places to protect shade loving plants in the garden.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Styles of Landscape garden:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThere are two different basic styles\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Formal style\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Informal style\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Formal Style garden:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The elements are arranged in a very formal way. This is also called as Moghul style .Formal gardens is a perfect symmetry in the design.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThe main features of formal garden are\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The layout is symmetric\u00a0 and\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 roads cut at right angles.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Enclosure or boundary around the garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Flowerbeds are geometric design<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Fountain, pools, cascade are main elements.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The seasonal flowerbeds are in geometrical patterns. The flowers include jasmine, carnation, hollyhock etc.,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Baradari is a important feature in formal garden. It is aarbour \u2013 like stone and masonry with a roof and raised platform for sitting.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>These gardens are created around a Tomb or Mosque<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The main disadvantage of formal garden is suitable for government and large buildings. Present day home gardens can be laid out in frontage.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Informal Style<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The elements are arranged in informal way. The garden looks very natural. This is also called as British style of landscape gardening. There is no symmetry any where in the informal style. Also there is no repetition. Elements like umbrellas, seats, cascade, rockery, water pool, etc are used.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe features are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Natural<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Asymmetric<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Irregular arrangement of water bodies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have no trimmed plants or the borders<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The paths are curved or wavy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Waterfalls, lakes, rocks, huts, and umbrella are scattered<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0No restriction in the arrangements of garden elements and adornments.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<strong>Features of Landscape Garden<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Extensive modern garden is usually make up of the following features.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lawn<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Shrubs and Shrubberies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Climbers and Creepers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Trees<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Flower beds and borders<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ornamental hedges<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Drives, roads, walks and paths<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Carpet beds<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Topiary<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Trophy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Fern and fernery<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sunken garden<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Garden adornment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Lawn<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-320\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"461\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>A lawn is an inseparable part of a good home garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It provides a natural setting for the growing flowers and shrubs like a canvas for painting a picture.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lawn is a permanent picture in both formal and informal garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Shape of a lawn may be regular or irregular. The most popular regular shape is rectangular. An irregular shape, unequal in length and breadth.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The grass planted in the garden should be thick and good green colour, without any weeds.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lawn is an important features of garden. Without lawn the garden is incomplete<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A lawn is an area of closely \u2013 cut grasses in the garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The grasses are very short in size and longer grasses are cut by the help of lawn movers.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hence, the lawn referred to as green carpet.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lawn helps to increase the beauty of the garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Shrubs, trees, flower beds and borders form the suitable background of the lawn.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Methods of lawn making<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCommon methods of making lawn are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Dibbling grass roots<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sowing seeds<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Turfing<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>For making lawn the following points should be taken into account<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Selection of site<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Preparation of soil<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Raising of grass<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Mowing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Watering<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Weeding<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Top dressing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tree Planting<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Grasses Useful for Lawn<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hariyali<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Buffalo grass<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Chain grass<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Blue grass<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Japan grass<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Doob grass<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Dwarf bermuda grass<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Kenya grass, Korean grasses and Hybrid Bermuda grasses<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Astroturf is a synthetic lawn made from synthetic fibres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Shrubs and Shrubberies<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-319\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"461\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs offer a wide variety of colour, shape, size and adaptability.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A shrub, like a tree may be grown as a focus if attention in a lawn or rockery.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs are much branched woody perennials which have no central trunk.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs are smaller than trees.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Branches are grown in all sides and cover the centre portion of the plants.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs are planned at the corners of the garden and trimmed at regular intervals to a particulars height.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">They also form border of footpaths<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In formal gardens, the shrub border is created with more than two kinds of shrubs. Such a shrub grow is called shrubbery or shrub - border.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Dense foliage and bright coloured flower shrubs are create charming, excellent beauty to the landscape garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The shrubs may be evergreen or deciduous.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>The important shrubs used are<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Aralia elegantissima<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Aralia papyrifera<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Manoranjitham<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Baloon Plant<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Umbrella Plant<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Cassia Alater<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Cape Jasmine<\/li>\r\n \t<li>May Flowe<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 Shrubs are always resistant to pest and diseases<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Climbers and Creepers<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-318\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"417\" height=\"357\" \/><\/a><\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers and creepers are an essential part of garden designing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers\u00a0 may\u00a0 be\u00a0 annual\u00a0 like\u00a0 morning\u00a0 glory\u00a0 or canary creeper or perennial like bougainvilla or rambler roses.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers and creepers are used to grow against over walls, trellises, arches, pergolas, arbour, pillars or large trees.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">These are light or heavy depending on its woody nature.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">They spread over the structure or land by their rootlets, hooks, tendrils etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Pretty ornamental climbers and creepers display their dazzling beauty while blooming<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">hey may be shady or semi \u2013 shady location or for sunny location.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A combination of climbers blooming successively or simultaneously can create a delightful effect.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers provide a beautiful backdrop for the water garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers are an excellent cover material and act as insulators for the green house.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe following ornamental climbers and creepers are suitable for growing in landscape garden are\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0 Bignomaceae<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Attamanda<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Polygonaceae<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Dutchman\u2019s Pipe<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Paper flower or Bougainvilla<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Railway Creeper<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Different Species of Jasminum<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Passion Flower<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Purple Wreath<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Rangoon Creeper<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Money Plant<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Goose \u2013 foot plant<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Layering, root or stem cutting are the propagation methods for cultivating climbers and creepers.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Uses of Climbers<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Morning glory and sweet pea are grow in pot culture<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Some foliage climbers suitable for indoor decoration<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Some climbers are grown over the fences and green houses to reduce the heat &amp; light<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Heavy climbers are spread over the arches, pergolas &amp; trees.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Trees<\/strong><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-317\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Trees are larger than shrubs and gives a mass effect and beautiful look.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0It is the frame work of the garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees are grown with large woody plants with central trunk.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees are ideal for picnic ground in large public garden<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees provide adequate shade to the garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Mainly trophy is formed under the trees.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Arboriculture means cultivation of trees.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees protect the garden from the outside noise and give perspective beauty.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees are cultivated by seeds, cutting and layering.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Flowering Trees suitable for Landscaped Gardening<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Silver Wattle\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Golden Shower\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tiruvetti\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Leguminosae \u2013 Queen of flowering trees.\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pink Shower\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cannon Ball tree\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GulMohar\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Coral tree\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Badminton Ball tree\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Copper Shield tree\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Tulip tree\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Benefits of Trees<\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It gives much beauty to the area<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enjoyable features to the garden<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Maintain ecological balance<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reduce noise and air pollution<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sometimes it provides shelter<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gives majestic look and greening the surrounding.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>5.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Flower beds and Borders<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-316\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"405\" \/><\/a><\/strong>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dense growth of herbaceous annuals producing beautiful flowers in a small compartment is called flower bed.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It looks like flower carpet.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flower beds are created along with the foundation of buildings and sides of paths leading to entrance.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Narrow flower beds with more length than the width are called boarders.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boarders are usually created by planting heterogeneous plants.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herbaceous Plants \u2013 Herbaceous boarder<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shrubs \u2013 Shrub Boarder<\/p>\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Two or More Species \u2013 Mixed boarder\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>The Important Plants suitable for flowering beds are<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cosmos\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kochia\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zinnia\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Iberis\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Viola\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ipomoea\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Petunia\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alyssum\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phylox\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>6.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Ornamental Hedges<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-311\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"459\" height=\"331\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A row of shrubs planted close together to form a boundary for a field or garden is hedge.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It usually enclose the particular part of or whole of the garden.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Internal hedges are also planted inside the garden with beautiful foliage plants.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Heigh of the hedge is normally 50 cm to 60 cm<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prunning is done periodically to maintain equal height.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hedges are used in garden for dividing bed, boarders etc., from roads, walks or paths.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Plants Suitable for hedges are<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Casuarina\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Polyalthia\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Lantana\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Duranta\r\n\r\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aralia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Drives, Roads, Walks and Paths<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-315\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"609\" height=\"461\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Drives or roads are an important part of gardens, which protect garden plants from foot steps<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drives should have link from one part to another part.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Brick, Gravel, Rock or Stone, Concrete timber, Bitumen, Glass, Metal are used for constructing drives.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Sometimes the inter spaces can be planted with ground spreads<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Paths define the passage in the landscape created<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paths may be paved or unpaved.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paving materials are used to reduce the demerits of mud and dust<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paths facilitate easy circulation<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Various design pattern of pathing materials are used to create beautiful and charming effect of the garden<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Paving materials could be natural or man-made<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Man \u2013Paving materials are availlable in various colours and texture<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stone, brick, concrete, stacked stones, pebbles, marble are used as paving materials.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In formal gardens irregular shaped flat stones or tiles are used for paving. This is called as crazy path.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>8.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><strong>Carpet Beds<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-314\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"707\" height=\"513\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Dense growth of Herbaceous plants, which are trimmed frequently to have some designs or letters is called carpet bed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Plants with attractive foliages are more\u00a0 suitable for carpet beds than flowering ones.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Carpet beds are created mostly in large public\u00a0 garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Maintenance is very difficult.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The Plants are always trimming and not allowing them to over grow.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">Verbena or Auernanthera are used to form certain designs or letters of alphabet.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>9.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Rockery<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-313\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"705\" height=\"489\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Gardens established in areas where the soil is few millimeters in thickness and rock is exposed at many places are rock gardens.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Other names of rock garden is Rockery or Alpine garden<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Rocks, stones and boulders are the main characteristic features of rock garden.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Large open space or under the shade of the tree is suitable for rock garden.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Irregular sizes for large stones are dumped with required peaks and slopes on all sides.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Then the gap between stocks are filled with cultivated soil.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Different variety of attractive plants are\u00a0 grown in the soil.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Shrubs, Herbaceous plants, Creepers, Ferns, Cacti and Succulents are some of the plants suitable for rockery garden.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Construction of fountain at one peak and a shallow pool with beautiful water loving plants may include additional beauty to the rock garden.<\/p>\r\n<strong>Care and Maintenance<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Thinning shout be done periodically<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Weeding shout be done by manually<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manuring and fertilizing added regularly.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Proper watering system should be followed.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Diseased leaves are removed immediately<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Frequently removed dead leaves and shoots.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Japanese\u2019s rock garden also known as a zen garden have the special features like moss, pruned trees, bushes, water pool and very few plants<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>10.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Topiary<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Topiary is a plant which is trimmed and clipped into ornamental shapes such as cone or bird or animal.\r\n\r\n\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Shrubs with busy habits are suitable for topiary works\r\n\r\n\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Casuarina, cupressus and bougainvillaea etc., are suitable for topiary work.\r\n\r\n\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 These Shrubs withstand frequent trimming\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and bending to form definite shapes\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-311\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"459\" height=\"331\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>11.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Trophy<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-312\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"419\" \/><\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7 Arrangement of potted plants in the garden is known as trophy<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Usually attractive foliage and flowers are placed around the trees or a large object or statue.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trophy emphasis the particular object or statue in beautiful way<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Potted plants are arranged in different tier around rae statue.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flowering animals and herbaceous perennials are suitable for trophy arrangements.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<strong>12.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Fern and Fernery<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-96.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-310\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-96.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"195\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ferns are non \u2013flowering vascular plants growing in moist shady terrestrial habitats.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ferns comprise a very large family of may species.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ferns have beautiful foliage and flowers and not exposed to direct sun.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>They are excellent house plant.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Mostly ferns are grown in green house or fernery.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0A place, where ferns are placed and maintained is called as fernery.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A fernery have adequate shade, humidity and temperature.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sometimes to maintain temperature creepers are grown over the roof of the fernery.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ferns are propagated by means of division of rhizome or spores.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most common Indian ferns are<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Maiden hair fern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tree fern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bird\u2019s nest fern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mother fern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rabbits fern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Climbing fern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Table fern<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>13.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Palms<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Palms are mostly tropical plants and thrive well in light sandy soil and warm humid places.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Palms are suitable for verandahs, stair case or shaded portion of the garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">They make excellent pot plants.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0Plants can be propagated from seed, root division or suckers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0Palms are of great ornamental value as foliage plants. Generally the flowers are not showy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Fan-leaved or feather- leaved palms are generally two group planted in the landscape garden.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Travellers palm is very famous palm now- a- days occupies most of the garden.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>14.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Cacti and succulents<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Cacti and Succulents are breath \u2013 taking beauty which adds aesthetic value to the soundings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Plants with fleshy stem and leaves are called succulents. These are xerophytic plants that can withstand drought conditions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Flowers of succulents are very attractive and appear is a wide range of colours.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cacti are characterized by swollen stems, thick waxy coat, various shapes and spines. A cacti is a succulent with thorns or areoles.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cacti succulents are mainly cultivated in pots.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pots made of wood, mud or galvanized metal are used for pot culture. These are filled with sand and vermiculite. Then succulents are planted in the pot. After establishment the pots are kept under the shaded places. Various cacti succulents used in gardening are<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Star ofpBethlehem<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Zygocactus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thanks giving cactus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Orchid cactus<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>15.\u00a0 Sunken Garden<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-95.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-309\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-95.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"189\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Easter cactus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gardens created by use of natural depression within the garden is known as sunken garden<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Around the sunken garden series of terraces are construted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Over the terrace the potted plants are kept to enhance the beauty<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There is a small pool or fountain at the bottom.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>16.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Garden adornments<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-308\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"393\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Garden\u00a0 adornments are accessories used to create the additional beauty of the existing one<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Garden adornments are non- living one.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 Garden adornments are listed below.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Fountain<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Statues<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Garden seats<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Ornamental pots and pillars<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Arches and pergolas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Trellises<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Hanging basket<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0 Tubs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vases and urns<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Usually garden\u00a0 adornments are used as basic support of plants to spread.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Some adornment are useful for people to fit, relax and sleep (eg) seats and benches.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Attractive statue are used to create trophy of the garden.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Fountain brings natural look to the Garden.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Conclusion<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Gardens add to the quality of life and gardening is an absorbing pursuit Authour Lloyd says \u201cGardening is one of those creative activities that produces an enjoyable sensation of enjoyment\u201d. Gardening is an humanizing occupation. In India, we are fortunate to possess one of the richest floras on this earth. So different Plants are grown in the garden with support of some non- living elements. The outdoor and indoor gardens are used the above garden features to enhance the beauty of the surroundings. The living and non-living elements can fulfill the whole beauty of the landscape garden.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>you can view video on FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE GARDEN AND GARDENING PLANTS <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Q2K8ZAd5Pag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>References<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Ross, R.1999, Colourful Gardening, Pyland Peters and Small, London.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Too good, A. 1995, Designing With House Plants, Grange Books Publication, London.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Kumaresan .V, 2016, Horticulture, Saras Publications, Nagarcoil<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Prathibha.P.Trivedi, 2014, Home Gardening, ICAR Publications, New Delhi.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWeb links\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/www.indiaagronet.com\/horticulture\/CONTENTS\/LANDSCAPE.htm<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/www.gardendesign.com\/landscape-design\/<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">www.bhg.com\/gardening\/landscaping...\/landscape<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">gardeningjones.com\/blog\/2011\/02\/27\/5-basic-components-of-landscape-design<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/prasathgarden.blogspot.com\/2012\/02\/components-of-garden.html<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Landscape_design<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Q2K8ZAd5Pag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE GARDEN AND GARDENING PLANTS Introduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Growing ornamental plants to decorate indoor and outdoor area is called landscape gardening. Gardening is one of the most important division in horticulture. Landscape garden is a place where ornamental plants are grown with non- living elements mainly for recreation . Landscape garden is a planned place where people can relax and enjoy. Garden is created both natural and man-made materials. A Garden helps us to maintain clean and beautiful surroundings and also gives us a regular exercise. Foliage plants, flowering annuals, biennials, perennials, climbers, succulents, cacti, palms, ferns, etc., are grown in gardens to have a good scenery in these places. Gardening improves the aesthetic value of the locations. The common forms of garden are public gardens, fruit garden, vegetable garden and residential garden. Among all of these landscape garden increase the peace, beauty of the surroundings.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Landscape facilitate to gain precise knowledge regarding materials, practices planning of garden etc.,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To understand the importance of plants in landscape gardening<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To learn the principles of landscape gardening have a knowledge regarding different garden elements and adornments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Planning a Landscape Garden<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>While Planning a garden the following points should be taken into consideration.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Climatic consideration<\/li>\n<li>Type of soil<\/li>\n<li>Design style<\/li>\n<li>Care and maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Climatic Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The annual rainfall, temperature, frost, etc. should be considered while making a design of gardens. City is usually warmer and more sheltered all year round than the rural areas. Coastal regions are vulnerable to salt \u2013 laden winds. So suitable plants should be selected according to the general climate of the area.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Soil Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Plant growth essentially depends on soil type, drainage, soil texture and soil pH. Therefore, the soil should be surveyed properly before choosing plants to grow in the area.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Design Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 While designing a garden its immediate surrounding is considered rather than in isolation. A more detailed plan may be drawn, showing good and bad views, the direction of prevailing winds, and shelter.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0If there is frequent noise, it should be checked by growing evergreen trees along the margin of the garden. The garden should be viewed from the street or from the front door of the house. The existing area should be minimum but enriched with plants.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Foundation areas should be allotted for attractive shrubs and herbaceous perennials because these areas receive primary attention of viewers.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Outdoor living areas should be away from the garden, especially on either sides of the house. They should be separated from the garden by erecting fences or shrubs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Maintenance Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">All gardens, even if informal or wild, need some care and attention to keep them in good condition. Before deciding on a design, be realistic about the man power required for making the garden. Choose the plants that need less care.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0In South INDIA, home landscapes are planned to provide enough shade to the home lands because light intensity is high in this area. Further, the home land is judiciously assigned for outdoor living, vehicle parking, children play and others to avoid the interference of the garden area. Separate areas are also allotted for growing sacred flowers, vegetable gardening and flowers for personal decorations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Planting Operations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The planting operations involve the following steps:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Hedges and edges are planted in linear system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Trees are planted in square system or rectangular system or hexagonal system or diagonal system or triangular system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Boarders are grown along the sides of foot paths.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Arche is erected at the entrance of the garden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Pergolas are created over the foot path.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Rockery is created at an elevated place.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Shrubs, flower beds and lawn are grown at suitable locations in the garden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Climbers and creepers are planted near the walls, pillars, arches and pergolas and allowed to grow over them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>A greenhouse is constructed in a suitable location in the garden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>10.\u00a0 <\/strong>Sunken garden is established in natural depression.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>11.\u00a0 <\/strong>Water garden is established in water pools.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>12.\u00a0 <\/strong>Trophy is made on slopes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>13.\u00a0 <\/strong>Ground forms, structures and plants should be organized into a pleasing composition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>14.\u00a0 <\/strong>Shade trees should be planted in suitable places to protect shade loving plants in the garden.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Styles of Landscape garden:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>There are two different basic styles<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Formal style<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Informal style<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formal Style garden:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The elements are arranged in a very formal way. This is also called as Moghul style .Formal gardens is a perfect symmetry in the design.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The main features of formal garden are<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The layout is symmetric\u00a0 and\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 roads cut at right angles.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Enclosure or boundary around the garden.<\/li>\n<li>Flowerbeds are geometric design<\/li>\n<li>Fountain, pools, cascade are main elements.<\/li>\n<li>The seasonal flowerbeds are in geometrical patterns. The flowers include jasmine, carnation, hollyhock etc.,<\/li>\n<li>Baradari is a important feature in formal garden. It is aarbour \u2013 like stone and masonry with a roof and raised platform for sitting.<\/li>\n<li>These gardens are created around a Tomb or Mosque<\/li>\n<li>The main disadvantage of formal garden is suitable for government and large buildings. Present day home gardens can be laid out in frontage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Informal Style<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The elements are arranged in informal way. The garden looks very natural. This is also called as British style of landscape gardening. There is no symmetry any where in the informal style. Also there is no repetition. Elements like umbrellas, seats, cascade, rockery, water pool, etc are used.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The features are<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Natural<\/li>\n<li>Asymmetric<\/li>\n<li>Irregular arrangement of water bodies<\/li>\n<li>Have no trimmed plants or the borders<\/li>\n<li>The paths are curved or wavy<\/li>\n<li>Waterfalls, lakes, rocks, huts, and umbrella are scattered<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0No restriction in the arrangements of garden elements and adornments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Features of Landscape Garden<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Extensive modern garden is usually make up of the following features.<\/li>\n<li>Lawn<\/li>\n<li>Shrubs and Shrubberies<\/li>\n<li>Climbers and Creepers<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Trees<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Flower beds and borders<\/li>\n<li>Ornamental hedges<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Drives, roads, walks and paths<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Carpet beds<\/li>\n<li>Topiary<\/li>\n<li>Trophy<\/li>\n<li>Fern and fernery<\/li>\n<li>Sunken garden<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Garden adornment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Lawn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-320\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106.png 499w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106-65x60.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106-225x208.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-106-350x323.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A lawn is an inseparable part of a good home garden.<\/li>\n<li>It provides a natural setting for the growing flowers and shrubs like a canvas for painting a picture.<\/li>\n<li>Lawn is a permanent picture in both formal and informal garden.<\/li>\n<li>Shape of a lawn may be regular or irregular. The most popular regular shape is rectangular. An irregular shape, unequal in length and breadth.<\/li>\n<li>The grass planted in the garden should be thick and good green colour, without any weeds.<\/li>\n<li>Lawn is an important features of garden. Without lawn the garden is incomplete<\/li>\n<li>A lawn is an area of closely \u2013 cut grasses in the garden.<\/li>\n<li>The grasses are very short in size and longer grasses are cut by the help of lawn movers.<\/li>\n<li>Hence, the lawn referred to as green carpet.<\/li>\n<li>Lawn helps to increase the beauty of the garden.<\/li>\n<li>Shrubs, trees, flower beds and borders form the suitable background of the lawn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods of lawn making<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Common methods of making lawn are<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dibbling grass roots<\/li>\n<li>Sowing seeds<\/li>\n<li>Turfing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>For making lawn the following points should be taken into account<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Selection of site<\/li>\n<li>Preparation of soil<\/li>\n<li>Raising of grass<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Mowing<\/li>\n<li>Watering<\/li>\n<li>Weeding<\/li>\n<li>Top dressing<\/li>\n<li>Tree Planting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Grasses Useful for Lawn<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hariyali<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Buffalo grass<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Chain grass<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Blue grass<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Japan grass<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Doob grass<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Dwarf bermuda grass<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Kenya grass, Korean grasses and Hybrid Bermuda grasses<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Astroturf is a synthetic lawn made from synthetic fibres.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Shrubs and Shrubberies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-319\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105.png 499w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105-65x60.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105-225x208.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-105-350x323.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs offer a wide variety of colour, shape, size and adaptability.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A shrub, like a tree may be grown as a focus if attention in a lawn or rockery.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs are much branched woody perennials which have no central trunk.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs are smaller than trees.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Branches are grown in all sides and cover the centre portion of the plants.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Shrubs are planned at the corners of the garden and trimmed at regular intervals to a particulars height.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">They also form border of footpaths<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In formal gardens, the shrub border is created with more than two kinds of shrubs. Such a shrub grow is called shrubbery or shrub &#8211; border.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Dense foliage and bright coloured flower shrubs are create charming, excellent beauty to the landscape garden.<\/li>\n<li>The shrubs may be evergreen or deciduous.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The important shrubs used are<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Aralia elegantissima<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Aralia papyrifera<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Manoranjitham<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Baloon Plant<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Umbrella Plant<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Cassia Alater<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Cape Jasmine<\/li>\n<li>May Flowe<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 Shrubs are always resistant to pest and diseases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Climbers and Creepers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-318\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"417\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104.png 417w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104-65x56.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104-225x193.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-104-350x300.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers and creepers are an essential part of garden designing.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers\u00a0 may\u00a0 be\u00a0 annual\u00a0 like\u00a0 morning\u00a0 glory\u00a0 or canary creeper or perennial like bougainvilla or rambler roses.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers and creepers are used to grow against over walls, trellises, arches, pergolas, arbour, pillars or large trees.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">These are light or heavy depending on its woody nature.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">They spread over the structure or land by their rootlets, hooks, tendrils etc.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Pretty ornamental climbers and creepers display their dazzling beauty while blooming<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">hey may be shady or semi \u2013 shady location or for sunny location.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">A combination of climbers blooming successively or simultaneously can create a delightful effect.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers provide a beautiful backdrop for the water garden.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Climbers are an excellent cover material and act as insulators for the green house.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following ornamental climbers and creepers are suitable for growing in landscape garden are<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0 Bignomaceae<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Attamanda<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Polygonaceae<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Dutchman\u2019s Pipe<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Paper flower or Bougainvilla<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Railway Creeper<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Different Species of Jasminum<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Passion Flower<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Purple Wreath<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Rangoon Creeper<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Money Plant<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">v\u00a0\u00a0 Goose \u2013 foot plant<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Layering, root or stem cutting are the propagation methods for cultivating climbers and creepers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uses of Climbers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Morning glory and sweet pea are grow in pot culture<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Some foliage climbers suitable for indoor decoration<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Some climbers are grown over the fences and green houses to reduce the heat &amp; light<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Heavy climbers are spread over the arches, pergolas &amp; trees.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Trees<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-317\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103.png 648w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103-65x33.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103-225x116.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-103-350x180.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Trees are larger than shrubs and gives a mass effect and beautiful look.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0It is the frame work of the garden.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees are grown with large woody plants with central trunk.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees are ideal for picnic ground in large public garden<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees provide adequate shade to the garden.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Mainly trophy is formed under the trees.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Arboriculture means cultivation of trees.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees protect the garden from the outside noise and give perspective beauty.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Trees are cultivated by seeds, cutting and layering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Flowering Trees suitable for Landscaped Gardening<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Silver Wattle<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Golden Shower<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tiruvetti<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Leguminosae \u2013 Queen of flowering trees.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pink Shower<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cannon Ball tree<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GulMohar<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Coral tree<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Badminton Ball tree<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Copper Shield tree<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Tulip tree<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Benefits of Trees<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It gives much beauty to the area<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enjoyable features to the garden<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Maintain ecological balance<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reduce noise and air pollution<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sometimes it provides shelter<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gives majestic look and greening the surrounding.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Flower beds and Borders<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-316\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102.png 513w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102-65x51.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102-225x178.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-102-350x276.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dense growth of herbaceous annuals producing beautiful flowers in a small compartment is called flower bed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It looks like flower carpet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flower beds are created along with the foundation of buildings and sides of paths leading to entrance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Narrow flower beds with more length than the width are called boarders.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boarders are usually created by planting heterogeneous plants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herbaceous Plants \u2013 Herbaceous boarder<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shrubs \u2013 Shrub Boarder<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Two or More Species \u2013 Mixed boarder<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Important Plants suitable for flowering beds are<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cosmos<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kochia<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zinnia<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Iberis<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Viola<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ipomoea<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Petunia<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alyssum<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phylox<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Ornamental Hedges<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-311\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"459\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png 459w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-65x47.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-225x162.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-350x252.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A row of shrubs planted close together to form a boundary for a field or garden is hedge.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It usually enclose the particular part of or whole of the garden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Internal hedges are also planted inside the garden with beautiful foliage plants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Heigh of the hedge is normally 50 cm to 60 cm<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prunning is done periodically to maintain equal height.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hedges are used in garden for dividing bed, boarders etc., from roads, walks or paths.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Plants Suitable for hedges are<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Casuarina<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Polyalthia<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Lantana<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Duranta<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aralia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Drives, Roads, Walks and Paths<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-315\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"609\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101.png 609w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101-65x49.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101-225x170.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-101-350x265.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Drives or roads are an important part of gardens, which protect garden plants from foot steps<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Drives should have link from one part to another part.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Brick, Gravel, Rock or Stone, Concrete timber, Bitumen, Glass, Metal are used for constructing drives.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Sometimes the inter spaces can be planted with ground spreads<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Paths define the passage in the landscape created<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paths may be paved or unpaved.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paving materials are used to reduce the demerits of mud and dust<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paths facilitate easy circulation<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Various design pattern of pathing materials are used to create beautiful and charming effect of the garden<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Paving materials could be natural or man-made<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Man \u2013Paving materials are availlable in various colours and texture<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stone, brick, concrete, stacked stones, pebbles, marble are used as paving materials.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In formal gardens irregular shaped flat stones or tiles are used for paving. This is called as crazy path.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><strong>Carpet Beds<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-314\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"707\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100.png 707w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100-65x47.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100-225x163.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-100-350x254.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 707px) 100vw, 707px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Dense growth of Herbaceous plants, which are trimmed frequently to have some designs or letters is called carpet bed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Plants with attractive foliages are more\u00a0 suitable for carpet beds than flowering ones.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Carpet beds are created mostly in large public\u00a0 garden.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Maintenance is very difficult.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The Plants are always trimming and not allowing them to over grow.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">Verbena or Auernanthera are used to form certain designs or letters of alphabet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>9.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Rockery<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-313\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"705\" height=\"489\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99.png 705w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99-65x45.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99-225x156.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-99-350x243.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Gardens established in areas where the soil is few millimeters in thickness and rock is exposed at many places are rock gardens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Other names of rock garden is Rockery or Alpine garden<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Rocks, stones and boulders are the main characteristic features of rock garden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Large open space or under the shade of the tree is suitable for rock garden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Irregular sizes for large stones are dumped with required peaks and slopes on all sides.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Then the gap between stocks are filled with cultivated soil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Different variety of attractive plants are\u00a0 grown in the soil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Shrubs, Herbaceous plants, Creepers, Ferns, Cacti and Succulents are some of the plants suitable for rockery garden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Construction of fountain at one peak and a shallow pool with beautiful water loving plants may include additional beauty to the rock garden.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Care and Maintenance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Thinning shout be done periodically<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Weeding shout be done by manually<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manuring and fertilizing added regularly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Proper watering system should be followed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Diseased leaves are removed immediately<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Frequently removed dead leaves and shoots.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Japanese\u2019s rock garden also known as a zen garden have the special features like moss, pruned trees, bushes, water pool and very few plants<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>10.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Topiary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Topiary is a plant which is trimmed and clipped into ornamental shapes such as cone or bird or animal.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Shrubs with busy habits are suitable for topiary works<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Casuarina, cupressus and bougainvillaea etc., are suitable for topiary work.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 These Shrubs withstand frequent trimming\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and bending to form definite shapes<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-311\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"459\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97.png 459w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-65x47.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-225x162.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-97-350x252.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>11.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Trophy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-312\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98.png 453w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98-65x60.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98-225x208.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-98-350x324.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7 Arrangement of potted plants in the garden is known as trophy<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0 Usually attractive foliage and flowers are placed around the trees or a large object or statue.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trophy emphasis the particular object or statue in beautiful way<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Potted plants are arranged in different tier around rae statue.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flowering animals and herbaceous perennials are suitable for trophy arrangements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><strong>12.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Fern and Fernery<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-96.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-310\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-96.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-96.png 259w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-96-65x49.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-96-225x169.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ferns are non \u2013flowering vascular plants growing in moist shady terrestrial habitats.<\/li>\n<li>Ferns comprise a very large family of may species.<\/li>\n<li>Ferns have beautiful foliage and flowers and not exposed to direct sun.<\/li>\n<li>They are excellent house plant.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Mostly ferns are grown in green house or fernery.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0A place, where ferns are placed and maintained is called as fernery.<\/li>\n<li>A fernery have adequate shade, humidity and temperature.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes to maintain temperature creepers are grown over the roof of the fernery.<\/li>\n<li>Ferns are propagated by means of division of rhizome or spores.<\/li>\n<li>Most common Indian ferns are<\/li>\n<li>Maiden hair fern<\/li>\n<li>Tree fern<\/li>\n<li>Bird\u2019s nest fern<\/li>\n<li>Mother fern<\/li>\n<li>Rabbits fern<\/li>\n<li>Climbing fern<\/li>\n<li>Table fern<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>13.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Palms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Palms are mostly tropical plants and thrive well in light sandy soil and warm humid places.<\/li>\n<li>Palms are suitable for verandahs, stair case or shaded portion of the garden.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">They make excellent pot plants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0Plants can be propagated from seed, root division or suckers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0Palms are of great ornamental value as foliage plants. Generally the flowers are not showy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Fan-leaved or feather- leaved palms are generally two group planted in the landscape garden.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Travellers palm is very famous palm now- a- days occupies most of the garden.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>14.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Cacti and succulents<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cacti and Succulents are breath \u2013 taking beauty which adds aesthetic value to the soundings.<\/li>\n<li>Plants with fleshy stem and leaves are called succulents. These are xerophytic plants that can withstand drought conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Flowers of succulents are very attractive and appear is a wide range of colours.<\/li>\n<li>Cacti are characterized by swollen stems, thick waxy coat, various shapes and spines. A cacti is a succulent with thorns or areoles.<\/li>\n<li>Cacti succulents are mainly cultivated in pots.<\/li>\n<li>Pots made of wood, mud or galvanized metal are used for pot culture. These are filled with sand and vermiculite. Then succulents are planted in the pot. After establishment the pots are kept under the shaded places. Various cacti succulents used in gardening are<\/li>\n<li>Star ofpBethlehem<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Zygocactus<\/li>\n<li>Thanks giving cactus<\/li>\n<li>Orchid cactus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>15.\u00a0 Sunken Garden<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-95.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-309\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-95.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-95.png 266w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-95-65x46.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-95-225x160.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Easter cactus<\/li>\n<li>Gardens created by use of natural depression within the garden is known as sunken garden<\/li>\n<li>Around the sunken garden series of terraces are construted.<\/li>\n<li>Over the terrace the potted plants are kept to enhance the beauty<\/li>\n<li>There is a small pool or fountain at the bottom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>16.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Garden adornments<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-308\" src=\"http:\/\/hsp02.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94.png 599w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94-225x148.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/233\/2019\/05\/Untitled-94-350x230.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Garden\u00a0 adornments are accessories used to create the additional beauty of the existing one<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Garden adornments are non- living one.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0 Garden adornments are listed below.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Fountain<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Statues<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Garden seats<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Ornamental pots and pillars<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Arches and pergolas<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Trellises<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0Hanging basket<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Tubs<\/li>\n<li>Vases and urns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Usually garden\u00a0 adornments are used as basic support of plants to spread.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Some adornment are useful for people to fit, relax and sleep (eg) seats and benches.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Attractive statue are used to create trophy of the garden.<\/li>\n<li>Fountain brings natural look to the Garden.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Gardens add to the quality of life and gardening is an absorbing pursuit Authour Lloyd says \u201cGardening is one of those creative activities that produces an enjoyable sensation of enjoyment\u201d. Gardening is an humanizing occupation. In India, we are fortunate to possess one of the richest floras on this earth. So different Plants are grown in the garden with support of some non- living elements. The outdoor and indoor gardens are used the above garden features to enhance the beauty of the surroundings. The living and non-living elements can fulfill the whole beauty of the landscape garden.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>you can view video on FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE GARDEN AND GARDENING PLANTS <\/strong><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Q2K8ZAd5Pag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>References<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Ross, R.1999, Colourful Gardening, Pyland Peters and Small, London.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Too good, A. 1995, Designing With House Plants, Grange Books Publication, London.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Kumaresan .V, 2016, Horticulture, Saras Publications, Nagarcoil<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Prathibha.P.Trivedi, 2014, Home Gardening, ICAR Publications, New Delhi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Web links<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/www.indiaagronet.com\/horticulture\/CONTENTS\/LANDSCAPE.htm<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/www.gardendesign.com\/landscape-design\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">www.bhg.com\/gardening\/landscaping&#8230;\/landscape<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">gardeningjones.com\/blog\/2011\/02\/27\/5-basic-components-of-landscape-design<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/prasathgarden.blogspot.com\/2012\/02\/components-of-garden.html<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Landscape_design<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"menu_order":31,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["mrs-p-sudha"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[64],"license":[],"class_list":["post-307","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-mrs-p-sudha"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":322,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/307\/revisions\/322"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/307\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=307"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=307"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/hsp02\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}