34 TYPES OF GARDEN-II

D. Sumathi

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TYPES OF GARDEN-II

 

Introduction

 

Landscape architecture is the comprehensive discipline of land analysis, planning, design, management, preservation, and rehabilitation. The profession of landscape architecture has been built on the principles of dedication to the public safety, health and welfare; and recognition and protection of the land and its resources. Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise. Most professional garden designers have some training in horticulture and the principles of design, and some are also landscape architects, a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree and often a state license. Amateur gardeners may also attain a high level of experience from extensive hours working in their own gardens, through casual study, serious study in Master Gardener Programs, or by joining gardening clubs.

 

The objective of this lesson is:

 

1.      To know the types of garden

2.      To become aware of the characteristic features of the types of garden

3.      To give clear cut idea to create garden of our own in the house

 

Wild Garden

 

Recent style of gardening namely, wild gardens was expounded by William Robinson in the last decade the 19th century. He preached that grass should remain unmoved, as in nature and few bulbous plants should be grown scattered in the grass to imitate wild scenery. He also suggested that passages should be opened in the woodland, and trees, shrubs and bulbous plants should be planted among the forest flora or to fulfil his idea of wild garden. His other idea was to allow the creepers to grow over trees naturally imitating those of the forest.

 

A wildlife garden (or wild garden) is an environment created by a gardener that serves as a sustainable place of safety for surrounding wildlife. Wildlife gardens contain a variety of habitats that cater to inhabitant and local plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, insects, mammals and so on. Establishing a garden environment that mimics surrounding wildlife allows for natural systems to interact and create equilibrium, ultimately minimizing the need for gardener maintenance and involvement. These gardens can also play an essential role in biological pest control, and also support biodiversity, native plantings, and generally benefit the wider surroundings.

 

                                       Wild Garden

 

Woodland Garden

 

The informal woodland garden is the natural descendant of the shrubby “wilderness” of earlier times. The main aspect of the woodland garden is informality and naturalness. Paths curve rather than run straight and are of mulch or grass rather than pavement. Trees are thinned to allow enough light, particularly in the glades, but irregular groups may be left, and any mature tree of character can be a focal point. Plants are chosen largely from those that are woodlanders in their native countries such as rhododendron, magnolia and maple among the trees and shrubs; lily, daffodil, and snowdrop among the bulbs and primrose, hellebore, St.-John’s-wort, epimedium, and many others among the herbs.

 

The woodland garden relies on form and texture and subtle variation in leaf color to provide dynamic interest. Many plants are specifically suited to this setting and bloom here. The key to woodland gardening is to think in layers, one medium to large tree is enough to start a small woodland garden. Woodland gardens do not require much in garden statuary. Simple items that we would find in a wooded area work the top.

Examples of Native Woodland Plants are

  •   Understory Trees: Flowering Dogwood, Pagoda Dogwood, Shadblow, Redbud
  •  Shrubs: Rhododendron, Flame Azalea, Elderberry, Virginia Sweetspire, Oakleaf Hydrangea, Viburnum species.
  •   Perennials: Columbine, Wild Ginger, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Blue Cohosh, Snakeroot (Cimicifugaracemosa), Bleeding Heart, Red & White Baneberry, Shooting Star, Blue Mist Flower (Eupatorium coelestinum), Heuchera, Twin-leaf, Virginia bluebells, Solomon’s Seal, Bloodroot, Celandine Poppy, Foam Flower, Trillium, Woodland Phlox.

                                     Woodland Garden

 

Patio Garden

 

When considering where to put our patio, look for somewhere sunny and sheltered. Any extra warmth will make the flowers even more fragrant, while gentle air movements encourage even suitable aromas to build up and add to the bouquet.

 

The different types of scent your plants will emit can largely be split into four categories:

 

sweet, spicy, fruity and heady.

 

Plants also vary considerably in the amount of fragrance they produce. For example, they’re much better placed further down the garden, so only well-diluted wafts will reach the patio.

 

Split level Garden

 

A split-level solution can be a very effective way of converting a large difficult space into two more usable spaces. The transition from lower to upper levels must also be carefully considered and here too are opportunities to embrace the transition as both functional and aesthetic elements within the overall scheme. The garden layout is largely influenced by a practical and easily maintained layout. But here too style and plant selections fulfil ornamental and screening roles but combine seamlessly to produce a stunning composition with striking results

 

Low Maintenance Garden

 

Plants should always be selected to suit the conditions. This will reduce watering if it is a dry spot or too sunny for the plant. Plants in the wrong place will often grow poorly and will need digging out and replacing over time. Plants have different growth habits, some grow quickly and can quickly take over the garden, whilst other are slow growing and need less pruning.

 

ROSE GARDEN:

 

A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses or rose species. The roses such as ground-cover types brighten the soil with flowers, pillar roses stand like sentries and create colour throughout much of summer, and standard roses add height to rose beds, while miniature and patio types can be introduced into even the smallest area of courtyard or balcony. Climbers and ramblers cover walls and fences and some are ideal for growing as flowering hedges. The roses should be kept at least 45cm (18’) from the outside edges of the bed to avoid problems when trimming the grass. The bed should not be made any deeper than 1.5 m (5’0”) otherwise we will have difficulty in reaching and cutting off dead heads. The same points apply to borders and to beds, except that as the roses are not being seen from all sides the tallest should be at the back, medium-sized growers in the centre and low growers in the front row.

 

Rose Garden

 

The roses can be planted in batches of three to five to form a group of one colour. Some roses make good hedges, but to the height and colour should be checked before we place the order. There are different roses, such as the patio types. Sweet dreams, sweet magic, cider cup and the older “ballerina” with its five petalled blooms of light pink and white eye are ideal for planting in tubs and urns.

 

Bush Roses

 

Bush roses usually form the main part of a rose garden. The term refers to hybrid teas (correctly known as large flowered roses) and floribundas (known as cluster flowered roses). Hybrid teas produce the largest and most beautifully formed blooms of all and they have a colour range that lacks only blue and deep black.

 

Terrace Garden

 

In gardening, a terrace is an element where a raised flat paved or gravelled section overlooks a viewpoint. A raised terrace keeps a house dry and provides an alteration between the hard materials of the architecture and softer ones of the garden.

 

It has its own problems of difficult access, high winds, bright light and a burning sun. If we can meet the challenge of turning all these seeming disadvantages into positive advantages, we can have garden on top of the world, with striking views that are as good at night as they are during the day. The first problem to overcome with any terrace garden is the question of weight, and it is vitally important to clean the load-bearing potential with a professional architect or building engineer. Irrigation should be taken into account at the planning stage itself so that it can easily be in-corporate during construction which saves an enormous amount of work later on.

 

The main planting areas are located around the edges of the roof top. This is reasonable since the strongest part of any roof is around the perimeter, where the ceiling supports or purpose – built slabs, adjoin the outside walls. Even lightweight composts and building materials are heavy, predominantly when wet. The modern materials such as fibre glass which is less in weight can be used. The planting areas can be kept in the edges to have the advantage of leaving the main part of the garden open for sitting, dining, and amusing. As it is impossible to dig down, beds are raised which offers the chance for plants to cascade over the edges, softens the outlines and provides partial shelter. Colour is important and the thin terracotta tiles are an ideal soil to the off white walls. Large areas of pure white should always be avoided, as the gloss can be unbearable

 

Terrace Garden Designs

 

Sunken Garden

 

This is formed taking advantage of a natural depression. The garden goes down through a series of terraces to a small pool or a fountain at the bottom. In the terraces, flower beds and strips of lawn are laid out. It breaks the monotony of flat ground in a garden.

 

Beautiful Sunken Style In Interiors

 

•      The low box hedge can be used to ground the open sitting area. Although sunken, the surrounding hedge helps the terrace to feel less exposed and more restful in the vast open space

•      A sunken can consists of a swimming pool, patio, barbecue and driveway/ front entrance.

•      In exteriors planting trees in small city gardens can be invaluable to wildlife, providing nesting and roosting sites for birds, nectar and pollen for insects and a home for aphids and caterpillars, which are important sources of food for many birds.

•      Trees that offer environmental benefits and are best for space-challenged gardens include the hawthorns and rowans.

 

Marsh/Bog Garden

 

A bog garden employs permanently moist (but not waterlogged) soil to create a habitat for plants and creatures which thrive in moist conditions. It may exploit existing poor drainage in the garden, or it may be artificially created using pond liners or other materials to trap water in the area. Any such structure must allow a small amount of seepage to prevent the water stagnating. Typically a bog garden consists of a shallow area adjoining a pond or other water feature, but care must be taken to prevent water draining from a higher to a lower level. The minimum sustainable depth is 40–45 cm (16–18 in). Good drainage is provided by gravel placed over the liner, and the bog can be kept watered by using a perforated hose below the surface.

Bog garden

 

Plants which enjoy boggy soil or shallow water around their roots include:

 

·      Butomus umbellatus (flowering rush)

·      Caltha palustris (marsh marigold)

·      Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)

·      Drosera (sundews)

·      Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag)

·      Lobelia cardinalis

·      Lysimachia nummularia (creeping jenny)

·      Menyanthes trifoliata (bogbean)

·      Myosotis scorpioides (water forget-me-not)

·      Osmunda regalis (royal fern)

·      Persicaria amplexicaulis (red bistort)

·      Persicaria bistorta (bistort)

·      Pinguicula (butterworts)

 

Water Garden

 

Water gardens otherwise known as aquatic gardens can be defined as any interior or exterior landscape or architectural element whose primary purpose is to house, display, or propagate a particular species or variety of aquatic plants. The primary focus is on plants, but they will sometimes also house ornamental fish, in which case the feature will be a fish pond. It is concerned with growing plants adapted to pools and ponds. Although water gardens can be almost any size or depth, they are typically small and relatively shallow, generally less than twenty inches in depth. This is because most aquatic plants are depth sensitive and require a specific water depth in order to thrive. The particular species inhabiting each water garden will ultimately determine the actual surface area and depth required. Water can be used in many ways in the garden. It provides a medium in which plants of a special kind, the aquatics, can be grown. It can also be stocked with fish which bring life and movement to the garden. Plants and fish combine well, as the latter benefit from the protection that floatingand submerged leaves provide. One advantage of having both fish and plants in a pool is that the plants will help keep the water fresh.

Roof garden

 

A roof garden is a garden on the roof of a building. Roof plantings provide food, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement, habitats or corridors for wildlife, recreational opportunities, and in large scale it may even have ecological benefits besides the decorative benefit. This gaeden is the ideal alternative way to enjoy all the merits of gardening and outdoor space when there is shortage of land. It suits best for urban environments, where ground garden space is inadequate. The training of cultivating food on the rooftop of buildings is sometimes referred to as rooftop farming. Rooftop farming is usually done using green roof, hydroponics, aeroponics or air-dynaponics systems or container gardens. These gardens are most frequently found in urban environments. Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building which automatically reduces energy consumption. The main cause of heat build-up in cities is insolation, the absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings in the city and the storage of this heat in the building material and its subsequent re-radiation. Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration do not rise more than 4–5 °C above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. This then translates into a cooling of the environment between 3.6 and 11.3 degrees Celsius (6.5 and 20.3 °F), depending on the area on earth (in hotter areas, the environmental temperature will cool more).

 

Roof Garden

 

The modern trend in architecture for flat roofs has made possible the development of attractive roof gardens in urban areas above private houses and commercial buildings. These gardens follow the same principles as others except that the depth of soil is less, to keep the weight on the rooftop low, and therefore the size of plants is limited. The plants are generally set in tubs or other containers, but elaborate roof gardens have been made with small pools and beds. Beds of flowering plants are suitable among which may be stood tubs of specimen plants to produce a desired effect.

 

Conclusion

 

Thus I conclude that the explanation of types of garden will make a clear picture about the different features of the garden. The clear understanding of the types of garden will create confidence among you to create garden of your own choice and make the surroundings of the garden in front of the home greener and colourful.

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