{"id":324,"date":"2019-03-11T11:43:54","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T11:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=324"},"modified":"2019-04-24T11:34:57","modified_gmt":"2019-04-24T11:34:57","slug":"land-use-planning-ii-policy-framework-and-utilization-trends","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/chapter\/land-use-planning-ii-policy-framework-and-utilization-trends\/","title":{"rendered":"Land Use Planning II: Policy Framework and Utilization Trends"},"content":{"raw":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AJThWzrp1B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>1.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Introduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Current Land Use Planning and Utilization Trends <\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.1 Urban area planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.2 Industrial investment zones planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.3 Eco-sensitive area planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.4 Mining area Planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.5 Watershed management for productivity of agricultural lands<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.6 Coastal zone planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.7 Land administration<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>2.8 Land use boards<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>3.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Relevant existing policies<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>4.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Guiding Principles for the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>5.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Objectives of the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>6.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Overall approach<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>6.1 Guiding framework for states<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>6.2 Identifying Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>6.3 Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>6.4 Planning of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>7.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Identification of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>8.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Key Considerations for Planning &amp; Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>9.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Institutional setup<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>10.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Policies, acts, and programmes that have a bearing on land resources<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">1.\u00a0<\/strong><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Introduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The detailed information regarding land use, land degradation, land use planning has been provided in the first chapter. This chapter will highlight the current trends regarding to land use planning, guiding principles for National Land use Policy, objectives and overall approach for National Land use policy.<\/p>\r\n<strong>2.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Current Land Use Planning and Utilization Trends 2.1 Urban area planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines (1996) suggested urban development planning system. The system consisted of a set of four plans:<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">i.Perspective Plan: The lifespan of this policy plan was 20-25 years and was related to the spatio-economic development of the settlement.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">ii. Development Plan: The life span of this plan was 5 years and was associated with the spatial economic development of the urban areas.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">iii. Annual Plan: This plan contains the fiscal and physical details of recent and ongoing projects. This plan needs to be implemented by the local authorities during the corresponding financial year.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">iv. Plans of Projects\/Schemes: This plan contains the complete layouts for implementation by a private or public agency. Master and Development Plans are prepared for metropolitan and urban areas. Regional plans are also prepared occasionally e.g., plan for National Capital Region of Delhi. The Master or Development Plans are prepared by the Development Authorities, Town Planning Departments or urban local bodies. If regional plans are not prepared, then the human population will expand into rural areas and farmlands. 2.25% of India\u2019s land will be brought under planned development, if the urban areas of the country are well planned.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">2.2 Industrial investment zones planning<\/strong>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The National Manufacturing Policy (2011) of the GoI stimulates integrated industrial townships, and preparation of eco-friendly developmental plans. The regional\/state level authorities such as infrastructure development boards and industrial development corporations identify locations for investment zones, special economic zones (SEZ), industrial estates, industrial corridors and prepare master plans for these areas. If there is proper land use planning of industrial areas in India, then 1% of India\u2019s land will be brought under planned development.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2.3 Eco sensitive area planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change (MoEFCC), GoI and Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 notified Eco-Sensitive Zones. Further development in these sensitive areas involves preparation of zonal development or master Plans. These plans will guide further development in these areas. Eco Sensitive Zones are the areas which contain those natural resources that are having unique values like flora, fauna and water resources etc. Since these zones are highly threatened, therefore they need special consideration for their protection. These eco-sensitive zones include Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Conservation and Community Reserves and represent about 4.79% of the total geographic area of India. Other areas including landscape areas, aesthetic and historical areas also come under the category of eco-sensitive zones. The main aim of declaring certain areas as Eco Sensitive Zones is to create a specialized ecosystem that needs to be conserved and protected. These are the transition zones that vary from high protection areas to lesser protection areas. The nature of these areas is regulatory not prohibitive.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe objectives of Eco Sensitive Zones are:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>To maintain the response level of an ecosystem within the permissible limits with respect to environmental parameters.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">To take care of special protection needs because of its landscape, wildlife, historical value etc. and to ensure that the new activities allowed are within the carrying capacity of that area.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To ensure protection and conservation of \u2018Entities of Incomparable Values\u2019 of these zones and regulate development activities based on a scientific basis and based on adequate participation in the decision making by the local communities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0To ensure compliance to the provisions contained in the approved Zonal Development Plan\/Master Plan\/Management Plan through the constitution of high level monitoring committees.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">5% of the India\u2019s land will come under planned development, if Eco Sensitive Zones are notified and properly planned.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2.4 Mining area planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Mineral concession or mining lease is allotted for mineral extraction. Moreover, the allotted mine is operated in compliance to all applicable laws. If proper mining plans such as environmental management plan are not framed, then mining lease would not be granted to any public or private party. However, the management plan should be fully accepted and enforced by statutory authorities.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n0.17% of India\u2019s total land area will come under planned development, if the process of mining area planning is initiated.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2.5 Watershed management for productivity of agricultural lands<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In order to increase the productivity of marginalised land, some schemes were started by GoI. These schemes were centrally sponsored and included Desert Development Programme, Drought Prone Area Programme and Integrated Wasteland Development Programme.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In 2009, all these schemes were merged under single scheme i.e., Integrated Watershed Management Programme. This scheme covered both the marginal lands as well as rain-fed agricultural areas. This was based on the understanding that the productivity of rain-fed agricultural areas should be increased to address the alarming food security issues of India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe watershed areas could also come under planned development if these get associated with land use planning.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2.6 Coastal zone planning<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Coastal areas contain abundant resources, rich biodiversity and productive habitats, and also play crucial role in promoting India\u2019s economy. Coastal zone is also gifted with a wide range of ecosystems like coral reefs, mangroves, salt marshes, sea grasses, estuaries, sand dunes, lagoons, etc. These ecosystems are characterized by distinct ecosystem services and abiotic and biotic processes. In the past years, the incidences of urban sprawl, accelerated development and urbanization have shown an increase. These activities have put terrific pressure on the fragile environment of the coastal areas. As a result, ecosystem services and coastal resources are facing degradation due to overexploitation of natural resources and unplanned developmental activities.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In order to protect and conserve the coastal environment, MoEFCC and GoI issued the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (1991) under Environment Protection Act (1986). This notification is responsible for the regulation of developmental activities in the Coastal areas. Certain restrictions were imposed on the land use in the coastal areas according to this notification.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project was initiated by GoI in association with World Bank for implementing complete coastal management plan in India, and piloting the same approach in states Orissa, Gujarat, and Orissa.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2.7 Land administration<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Two centrally sponsored programmes i.e., Computerisation of Land Records (CLR) and Strengthening of Revenue Administration &amp; Updating of Land Records (SRA&amp;ULR) were launched by GoI. The main aim of these programs was the improvement of revenue administration and land records in India. Later on these programmes were merged to\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">revitalize the agenda of land administration into a single programme i.e., National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP). The main aim of this program was to maintain updated records of land use, land transactions, connectivity between revenue and registration systems.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2.8 Land use boards<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">State Land Use Boards were established in 1970\u2019s under the Chairmanship of Chief Minister of the States at that time. These Boards provided policy directions and coordinated the activities of those departments that were dealing with soil and land resources. However, these boards realized that it was the wastage of time and never functioned the way they were meant for, and most of them have been abolished. Currently, the States do not have any policies to deal with land use issues in a logical manner. Hence, the responses of the States to land issues are spontaneous, non-consistent and unplanned.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>3. Relevant existing policies<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPolicies that are related to land use include\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>National Forest Policy 1988<\/li>\r\n \t<li>National Land Use Policy Outlines 1988<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Policy Statement of Abatement of Pollution 1992<\/li>\r\n \t<li>National Livestock Policy Perspective 1996<\/li>\r\n \t<li>National Agricultural Policy 2000<\/li>\r\n \t<li>National Population Policy 2000<\/li>\r\n \t<li>National Policy and Macro-level Strategy and Action Plan on Biodiversity 2000<\/li>\r\n \t<li>National Environmental Policy 2006<\/li>\r\n \t<li>National Water Policy 2013<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>4.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Guiding Principles for the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0<strong>1<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">st Principle: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The primary concerns for sustainable development include human beings. They are supposed to live a productive and healthy life in harmony with nature.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">2nd Principle: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">This principle involves equal opportunities in terms of gender equality, inclusive growth, and poverty eradication. The three mentioned factors are crucial desires for sustainable development of country. These factors must be addressed in all programmes, policies, and plans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">3rd Principle: Balanced development and intergenerational justice <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Developmental activities in various sectors must be planned in a balanced manner to meet socio-economic and environmental needs of present and upcoming generations. The developmental activities should minimize the population displacement on large-scale.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">4th Principle: Efficient utilisation of resources and mitigation of impacts <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Optimum utilisation of land resources is essential. Moreover, projects should be set up on wastelands, un-irrigated lands, recycled lands, or degraded lands.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">5th Principle: Integrated and comprehensive development planning <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Development planning must be sustainable and comprehensive. The interest of stakeholders and various sectors should be taken into consideration for the development of plans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">6th Principle: The States are custodian of land\u00a0<\/strong>The sole custodians of the land are states. Unsustainable patterns of land utilisation and management must be neglected by the state governments. State governments must provide legal support to facilitate land use planning.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">7th Principle: Harmonization with existing policy, legislative and regulatory framework<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The existing laws, standards, guidelines, procedures, and constitutional provisions and rights applicable for land use policy as framed by GoI, various departments and ministries, shall be continued for making decisions on land use changes.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>5.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Objectives of the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Goal: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The goal of the National Land Utilization Policy is to achieve improvement of livelihood, food and water security, and best possible realization of various developmental targets so as to ensure sustainable development of India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Objective<\/strong>: To ensure optimal utilization of the limited land resources in India for achieving sustainable development, addressing social, economic and environmental considerations and to provide a framework for the States to formulate their respective land utilization policies incorporating state specific concerns and priorities.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>The specific objectives are given below:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Objectives related to social concerns<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1.\u00a0 Protection of agricultural lands from land use conversions so as to ensure food security and to meet consumption needs of a growing population and to meet livelihood needs of the dependent population.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To identify and protect lands that are required to promote and support social development, particularly of tribal communities and poor section of society for their livelihood.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To preserve historic and cultural heritage by protecting, places\/sites of religious, archaeological, scenic and tourist importance.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Objectives related to environmental concerns<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.\u00a0 To preserve and conserve lands under important environmental functions such as those declared as National Parks, Wild Life Sanctuaries, Reserved Forests, Eco Sensitive Zones, etc. and guide land uses around such preserved and conserved areas so as not to have land use conflicts or negative environmental impacts.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">5.\u00a0 To preserve the areas of natural environment and its resources that provide ecosystem services.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Objectives related to developmental\/ economic concerns<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">6. To promote properly guided and coordinated development in a sustainable manner of all developmental sectors including agriculture, urban, industrial, infrastructure and mining so as to minimize land use conflicts or negative environmental impacts.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Objectives related to enforcement and implementation of the policy<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">7. To suggest a general implementation framework for implementing land utilization policy by all concerned at different levels, viz. national, state, regional and local, and undertaking capacity building.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>6.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Overall approach<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>a)\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Guiding framework for states<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">National Land Utilization Policy fulfils the criteria of framing guidelines for the preparation of land utilization policies.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>b) Identifying Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The dominating functions of land, environmental and developmental sectors are taken into consideration by National Land Utilization Policy. Moreover, the laws and approaches responsible for governing land uses are also taken into consideration. Indian lands are classified into different Land Utilization Zones (LUZs). These LUZs will be the focus areas for framing land utilization policies.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>c) Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Land Utilization Zones are further divided into different Land-use Management Areas for the purpose of land protection, management, regulation, and control, in accordance with priority needs and legal provisions of different sectors.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>d) Planning of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Land use planning designates the use of land for urban, rural, and industrial development and environmental conservation and protection. Land use planning will improve the socio-economic performance, well-being and efficiency of community. Land use\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">planning can be taken either independently or integrated with Regional, district, Master or zonal development Plans.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>7. Identification of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Land Utilization Zones (LUZs) are divided into six categories:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\na)\u00a0\u00a0 Rural and Agricultural Areas\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nb)\u00a0 Areas under alteration\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nc)\u00a0\u00a0 Urban Areas\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nd)\u00a0 Industrial Areas;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ne)\u00a0\u00a0 Ecological, Tourism, Heritage and Landscape Conservation areas.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nf)\u00a0 Vulnerable Areas.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Relevant aspects like legal status, land potential, land use change pattern and socio-economic needs should be taken into consideration, while deciding the predominant use of land use. In order to make the planning and management of LUZs simpler, the extent of Land Utilization zones should be matched with the existing boundaries of panchayats and districts etc.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>a) Rural and Agricultural Areas<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDominant rural and agricultural areas include\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ni.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Agricultural land areas that are extensively used.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Land areas containing fertile soils.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 High production areas.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niv.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 irrigation project areas;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nv.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Population of an area that is totally dependent on agriculture as a source of livelihood.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nvi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tribal and rural development areas.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>b)\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Areas under alteration\/Transformation<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">Areas where agricultural land is getting transformed into non-agricultural land are known as \u201cAreas under Transformation\u201d.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAreas included under this category are:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ni. Rural components of large cities.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nii.\u00a0 Peri-urban areas of metropolitan cities;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niii. Development corridors between two metropolitan cities;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niv.\u00a0 Extremely urbanizing districts.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>c)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Urban Areas<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Urban Areas are those areas that are necessary for fulfilling the urbanization demands of the country. These areas included in this category are:<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ni.\u00a0 State\/National Capitals\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nii. Metropolitan urban areas (million-plus population)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niii.Urban corridors.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>d)\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Industrial Areas<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIndustrial areas include:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ni. Industrial Corridors (mega projects)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nii. Special industrial regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niii. Petro-chemical Investment Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niv. industrial estates\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>e)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Ecological, Landscape Conservation, Tourism, and Heritage areas<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAreas included under this category are:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">i. Ecological areas: include eco-sensitive areas such as national parks, biosphere reserves, coastal zones and wild life sanctuaries etc. Since these areas provide ecosystem services, therefore several environment and forest acts have been made. These areas also include water bodies, mining areas containing mineral resources.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">ii. Landscape Conservation &amp; Tourism Areas- The areas having scenic beauty and attractive landscapes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">iii. Heritage Areas \u2013 include world heritage sites, historic, religious areas, areas having monuments of national or state level significance.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>f)\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Vulnerable Areas<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\ni. Areas vulnerable to manmade and natural hazards are included in this category.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nii.\u00a0 Industrial areas having potential to cause major accidents.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niii. Areas susceptible to natural disasters like drought, floods, earthquakes, tsunami, etc.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\niv.\u00a0 Areas other than industrial hazards like chemical\/gas pipelines, harbours\/ports.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>8.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Key Considerations for Planning &amp; Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\na)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Land resources of the country should be used in optimum way so as to achieve sustainable development and to provide a framework for the State authorities so as to formulate Land Utilization Policies.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nb)\u00a0 Conversion of agricultural lands into non-agricultural lands should be avoided.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nc)\u00a0\u00a0 Make it sure that the rights of tribal and poor people on common land are protected.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nd)\u00a0\u00a0 Historic, cultural, religious, tourist and archaeological sites should be protected and conserved.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ne)\u00a0\u00a0 Natural environment and the resources that are providing ecosystem services should be conserved.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nf)\u00a0 Development in different sectors should be promoted in a coordinated and sustainable manner to avoid land use conflicts or adverse environmental impacts.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ng)\u00a0 Regional approaches should be used to cope up with growing urbanization demands.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nh)\u00a0\u00a0 The areas under industries or industrial estates should be reduced for optimal land utilization.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ni) Mineral bearing areas should be avoided for mining purpose.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">j)\u00a0\u00a0 While planning for transportation networks, the land use conflicts should be avoided. These areas should be preferably integrated with state\/regional\/district plans.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">k) Areas under cultural heritage, historic places, tourism areas, religious places of interest etc. should be protected. Proper care should be taken while preparing land use plans.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>9. Institutional setup<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The institutional set up is followed at district, state and national levels for carrying out National Land Utilization Policy.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>a) National Level Set Up:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>The composition of the National Land Use Council is as below:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-332\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"610\" height=\"488\" \/><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-333\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"378\" \/><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-334\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"606\" height=\"433\" \/><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-336\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"646\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nc) <strong>District level set up:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Chairman<\/strong>: Chairman of District planning committee\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\"><strong>Members<\/strong>: District level officers of Water resources, Revenue, Agriculture, Urban\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">development, Environment &amp; Forests, Town &amp; Country Planning, Industries etc.<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\"><strong>Member secretary<\/strong>: District collector\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>10. Policies, acts, and programmes that have a bearing on land resources<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-342\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"556\" height=\"570\" \/><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-343\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"605\" \/><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-344\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-10.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"549\" height=\"130\" \/>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-345\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"557\" height=\"563\" \/>\r\n\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>you can view video on Land Use Planning II: Policy Framework and Utilization Trends<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AJThWzrp1B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<strong>References<\/strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>http:\/\/eands.dacnet.nic.in\/PDF\/Glance-2016.pdf<\/li>\r\n \t<li>http:\/\/dolr.nic.in\/dolr\/downloads\/PDFs\/Draft%20National%20Land%20Utilisation%2 0Policy%20(July%202013).pdf<\/li>\r\n \t<li>http:\/\/www.moef.nic.in\/divisions\/ic\/wssd\/doc2\/ch13.pdf<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mythili, G., &amp; Goedecke, J. (2016). Economics of land degradation in India. In Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement\u2013A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development (pp. 431-469). Springer International Publishing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div><\/div>","rendered":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AJThWzrp1B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Current Land Use Planning and Utilization Trends <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1 Urban area planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 Industrial investment zones planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3 Eco-sensitive area planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.4 Mining area Planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.5 Watershed management for productivity of agricultural lands<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.6 Coastal zone planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.7 Land administration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.8 Land use boards<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Relevant existing policies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Guiding Principles for the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Objectives of the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Overall approach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6.1 Guiding framework for states<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6.2 Identifying Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6.3 Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6.4 Planning of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Identification of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Key Considerations for Planning &amp; Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>9.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Institutional setup<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>10.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Policies, acts, and programmes that have a bearing on land resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">1.\u00a0<\/strong><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The detailed information regarding land use, land degradation, land use planning has been provided in the first chapter. This chapter will highlight the current trends regarding to land use planning, guiding principles for National Land use Policy, objectives and overall approach for National Land use policy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Current Land Use Planning and Utilization Trends 2.1 Urban area planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines (1996) suggested urban development planning system. The system consisted of a set of four plans:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">i.Perspective Plan: The lifespan of this policy plan was 20-25 years and was related to the spatio-economic development of the settlement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">ii. Development Plan: The life span of this plan was 5 years and was associated with the spatial economic development of the urban areas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">iii. Annual Plan: This plan contains the fiscal and physical details of recent and ongoing projects. This plan needs to be implemented by the local authorities during the corresponding financial year.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">iv. Plans of Projects\/Schemes: This plan contains the complete layouts for implementation by a private or public agency. Master and Development Plans are prepared for metropolitan and urban areas. Regional plans are also prepared occasionally e.g., plan for National Capital Region of Delhi. The Master or Development Plans are prepared by the Development Authorities, Town Planning Departments or urban local bodies. If regional plans are not prepared, then the human population will expand into rural areas and farmlands. 2.25% of India\u2019s land will be brought under planned development, if the urban areas of the country are well planned.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">2.2 Industrial investment zones planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The National Manufacturing Policy (2011) of the GoI stimulates integrated industrial townships, and preparation of eco-friendly developmental plans. The regional\/state level authorities such as infrastructure development boards and industrial development corporations identify locations for investment zones, special economic zones (SEZ), industrial estates, industrial corridors and prepare master plans for these areas. If there is proper land use planning of industrial areas in India, then 1% of India\u2019s land will be brought under planned development.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3 Eco sensitive area planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change (MoEFCC), GoI and Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 notified Eco-Sensitive Zones. Further development in these sensitive areas involves preparation of zonal development or master Plans. These plans will guide further development in these areas. Eco Sensitive Zones are the areas which contain those natural resources that are having unique values like flora, fauna and water resources etc. Since these zones are highly threatened, therefore they need special consideration for their protection. These eco-sensitive zones include Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Conservation and Community Reserves and represent about 4.79% of the total geographic area of India. Other areas including landscape areas, aesthetic and historical areas also come under the category of eco-sensitive zones. The main aim of declaring certain areas as Eco Sensitive Zones is to create a specialized ecosystem that needs to be conserved and protected. These are the transition zones that vary from high protection areas to lesser protection areas. The nature of these areas is regulatory not prohibitive.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The objectives of Eco Sensitive Zones are:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To maintain the response level of an ecosystem within the permissible limits with respect to environmental parameters.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">To take care of special protection needs because of its landscape, wildlife, historical value etc. and to ensure that the new activities allowed are within the carrying capacity of that area.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">To ensure protection and conservation of \u2018Entities of Incomparable Values\u2019 of these zones and regulate development activities based on a scientific basis and based on adequate participation in the decision making by the local communities.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0To ensure compliance to the provisions contained in the approved Zonal Development Plan\/Master Plan\/Management Plan through the constitution of high level monitoring committees.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">5% of the India\u2019s land will come under planned development, if Eco Sensitive Zones are notified and properly planned.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.4 Mining area planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Mineral concession or mining lease is allotted for mineral extraction. Moreover, the allotted mine is operated in compliance to all applicable laws. If proper mining plans such as environmental management plan are not framed, then mining lease would not be granted to any public or private party. However, the management plan should be fully accepted and enforced by statutory authorities.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>0.17% of India\u2019s total land area will come under planned development, if the process of mining area planning is initiated.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.5 Watershed management for productivity of agricultural lands<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In order to increase the productivity of marginalised land, some schemes were started by GoI. These schemes were centrally sponsored and included Desert Development Programme, Drought Prone Area Programme and Integrated Wasteland Development Programme.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">In 2009, all these schemes were merged under single scheme i.e., Integrated Watershed Management Programme. This scheme covered both the marginal lands as well as rain-fed agricultural areas. This was based on the understanding that the productivity of rain-fed agricultural areas should be increased to address the alarming food security issues of India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The watershed areas could also come under planned development if these get associated with land use planning.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.6 Coastal zone planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Coastal areas contain abundant resources, rich biodiversity and productive habitats, and also play crucial role in promoting India\u2019s economy. Coastal zone is also gifted with a wide range of ecosystems like coral reefs, mangroves, salt marshes, sea grasses, estuaries, sand dunes, lagoons, etc. These ecosystems are characterized by distinct ecosystem services and abiotic and biotic processes. In the past years, the incidences of urban sprawl, accelerated development and urbanization have shown an increase. These activities have put terrific pressure on the fragile environment of the coastal areas. As a result, ecosystem services and coastal resources are facing degradation due to overexploitation of natural resources and unplanned developmental activities.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In order to protect and conserve the coastal environment, MoEFCC and GoI issued the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (1991) under Environment Protection Act (1986). This notification is responsible for the regulation of developmental activities in the Coastal areas. Certain restrictions were imposed on the land use in the coastal areas according to this notification.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project was initiated by GoI in association with World Bank for implementing complete coastal management plan in India, and piloting the same approach in states Orissa, Gujarat, and Orissa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.7 Land administration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Two centrally sponsored programmes i.e., Computerisation of Land Records (CLR) and Strengthening of Revenue Administration &amp; Updating of Land Records (SRA&amp;ULR) were launched by GoI. The main aim of these programs was the improvement of revenue administration and land records in India. Later on these programmes were merged to\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">revitalize the agenda of land administration into a single programme i.e., National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP). The main aim of this program was to maintain updated records of land use, land transactions, connectivity between revenue and registration systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.8 Land use boards<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">State Land Use Boards were established in 1970\u2019s under the Chairmanship of Chief Minister of the States at that time. These Boards provided policy directions and coordinated the activities of those departments that were dealing with soil and land resources. However, these boards realized that it was the wastage of time and never functioned the way they were meant for, and most of them have been abolished. Currently, the States do not have any policies to deal with land use issues in a logical manner. Hence, the responses of the States to land issues are spontaneous, non-consistent and unplanned.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Relevant existing policies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Policies that are related to land use include<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>National Forest Policy 1988<\/li>\n<li>National Land Use Policy Outlines 1988<\/li>\n<li>Policy Statement of Abatement of Pollution 1992<\/li>\n<li>National Livestock Policy Perspective 1996<\/li>\n<li>National Agricultural Policy 2000<\/li>\n<li>National Population Policy 2000<\/li>\n<li>National Policy and Macro-level Strategy and Action Plan on Biodiversity 2000<\/li>\n<li>National Environmental Policy 2006<\/li>\n<li>National Water Policy 2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Guiding Principles for the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0<strong>1<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">st Principle: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The primary concerns for sustainable development include human beings. They are supposed to live a productive and healthy life in harmony with nature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">2nd Principle: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">This principle involves equal opportunities in terms of gender equality, inclusive growth, and poverty eradication. The three mentioned factors are crucial desires for sustainable development of country. These factors must be addressed in all programmes, policies, and plans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">3rd Principle: Balanced development and intergenerational justice <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Developmental activities in various sectors must be planned in a balanced manner to meet socio-economic and environmental needs of present and upcoming generations. The developmental activities should minimize the population displacement on large-scale.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">4th Principle: Efficient utilisation of resources and mitigation of impacts <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Optimum utilisation of land resources is essential. Moreover, projects should be set up on wastelands, un-irrigated lands, recycled lands, or degraded lands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">5th Principle: Integrated and comprehensive development planning <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Development planning must be sustainable and comprehensive. The interest of stakeholders and various sectors should be taken into consideration for the development of plans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">6th Principle: The States are custodian of land\u00a0<\/strong>The sole custodians of the land are states. Unsustainable patterns of land utilisation and management must be neglected by the state governments. State governments must provide legal support to facilitate land use planning.<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">7th Principle: Harmonization with existing policy, legislative and regulatory framework<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The existing laws, standards, guidelines, procedures, and constitutional provisions and rights applicable for land use policy as framed by GoI, various departments and ministries, shall be continued for making decisions on land use changes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Objectives of the National Land Utilization Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Goal: <\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The goal of the National Land Utilization Policy is to achieve improvement of livelihood, food and water security, and best possible realization of various developmental targets so as to ensure sustainable development of India.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Objective<\/strong>: To ensure optimal utilization of the limited land resources in India for achieving sustainable development, addressing social, economic and environmental considerations and to provide a framework for the States to formulate their respective land utilization policies incorporating state specific concerns and priorities.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The specific objectives are given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objectives related to social concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1.\u00a0 Protection of agricultural lands from land use conversions so as to ensure food security and to meet consumption needs of a growing population and to meet livelihood needs of the dependent population.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To identify and protect lands that are required to promote and support social development, particularly of tribal communities and poor section of society for their livelihood.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To preserve historic and cultural heritage by protecting, places\/sites of religious, archaeological, scenic and tourist importance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objectives related to environmental concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.\u00a0 To preserve and conserve lands under important environmental functions such as those declared as National Parks, Wild Life Sanctuaries, Reserved Forests, Eco Sensitive Zones, etc. and guide land uses around such preserved and conserved areas so as not to have land use conflicts or negative environmental impacts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">5.\u00a0 To preserve the areas of natural environment and its resources that provide ecosystem services.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objectives related to developmental\/ economic concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">6. To promote properly guided and coordinated development in a sustainable manner of all developmental sectors including agriculture, urban, industrial, infrastructure and mining so as to minimize land use conflicts or negative environmental impacts.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objectives related to enforcement and implementation of the policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">7. To suggest a general implementation framework for implementing land utilization policy by all concerned at different levels, viz. national, state, regional and local, and undertaking capacity building.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Overall approach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a)\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Guiding framework for states<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">National Land Utilization Policy fulfils the criteria of framing guidelines for the preparation of land utilization policies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>b) Identifying Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The dominating functions of land, environmental and developmental sectors are taken into consideration by National Land Utilization Policy. Moreover, the laws and approaches responsible for governing land uses are also taken into consideration. Indian lands are classified into different Land Utilization Zones (LUZs). These LUZs will be the focus areas for framing land utilization policies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>c) Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Land Utilization Zones are further divided into different Land-use Management Areas for the purpose of land protection, management, regulation, and control, in accordance with priority needs and legal provisions of different sectors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>d) Planning of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Land use planning designates the use of land for urban, rural, and industrial development and environmental conservation and protection. Land use planning will improve the socio-economic performance, well-being and efficiency of community. Land use\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">planning can be taken either independently or integrated with Regional, district, Master or zonal development Plans.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Identification of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Land Utilization Zones (LUZs) are divided into six categories:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>a)\u00a0\u00a0 Rural and Agricultural Areas<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>b)\u00a0 Areas under alteration<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>c)\u00a0\u00a0 Urban Areas<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>d)\u00a0 Industrial Areas;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>e)\u00a0\u00a0 Ecological, Tourism, Heritage and Landscape Conservation areas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>f)\u00a0 Vulnerable Areas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Relevant aspects like legal status, land potential, land use change pattern and socio-economic needs should be taken into consideration, while deciding the predominant use of land use. In order to make the planning and management of LUZs simpler, the extent of Land Utilization zones should be matched with the existing boundaries of panchayats and districts etc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>a) Rural and Agricultural Areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dominant rural and agricultural areas include<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Agricultural land areas that are extensively used.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Land areas containing fertile soils.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 High production areas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iv.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 irrigation project areas;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>v.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Population of an area that is totally dependent on agriculture as a source of livelihood.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>vi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tribal and rural development areas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>b)\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Areas under alteration\/Transformation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">Areas where agricultural land is getting transformed into non-agricultural land are known as \u201cAreas under Transformation\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Areas included under this category are:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>i. Rural components of large cities.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ii.\u00a0 Peri-urban areas of metropolitan cities;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iii. Development corridors between two metropolitan cities;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iv.\u00a0 Extremely urbanizing districts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>c)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Urban Areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Urban Areas are those areas that are necessary for fulfilling the urbanization demands of the country. These areas included in this category are:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>i.\u00a0 State\/National Capitals<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ii. Metropolitan urban areas (million-plus population)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iii.Urban corridors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>d)\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Industrial Areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Industrial areas include:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>i. Industrial Corridors (mega projects)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ii. Special industrial regions<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iii. Petro-chemical Investment Regions<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iv. industrial estates<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>e)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Ecological, Landscape Conservation, Tourism, and Heritage areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Areas included under this category are:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">i. Ecological areas: include eco-sensitive areas such as national parks, biosphere reserves, coastal zones and wild life sanctuaries etc. Since these areas provide ecosystem services, therefore several environment and forest acts have been made. These areas also include water bodies, mining areas containing mineral resources.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">ii. Landscape Conservation &amp; Tourism Areas- The areas having scenic beauty and attractive landscapes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">iii. Heritage Areas \u2013 include world heritage sites, historic, religious areas, areas having monuments of national or state level significance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>f)\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Vulnerable Areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>i. Areas vulnerable to manmade and natural hazards are included in this category.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ii.\u00a0 Industrial areas having potential to cause major accidents.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iii. Areas susceptible to natural disasters like drought, floods, earthquakes, tsunami, etc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>iv.\u00a0 Areas other than industrial hazards like chemical\/gas pipelines, harbours\/ports.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>Key Considerations for Planning &amp; Management of Land Utilization Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Land resources of the country should be used in optimum way so as to achieve sustainable development and to provide a framework for the State authorities so as to formulate Land Utilization Policies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>b)\u00a0 Conversion of agricultural lands into non-agricultural lands should be avoided.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>c)\u00a0\u00a0 Make it sure that the rights of tribal and poor people on common land are protected.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>d)\u00a0\u00a0 Historic, cultural, religious, tourist and archaeological sites should be protected and conserved.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>e)\u00a0\u00a0 Natural environment and the resources that are providing ecosystem services should be conserved.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>f)\u00a0 Development in different sectors should be promoted in a coordinated and sustainable manner to avoid land use conflicts or adverse environmental impacts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>g)\u00a0 Regional approaches should be used to cope up with growing urbanization demands.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>h)\u00a0\u00a0 The areas under industries or industrial estates should be reduced for optimal land utilization.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>i) Mineral bearing areas should be avoided for mining purpose.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">j)\u00a0\u00a0 While planning for transportation networks, the land use conflicts should be avoided. These areas should be preferably integrated with state\/regional\/district plans.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">k) Areas under cultural heritage, historic places, tourism areas, religious places of interest etc. should be protected. Proper care should be taken while preparing land use plans.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>9. Institutional setup<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The institutional set up is followed at district, state and national levels for carrying out National Land Utilization Policy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>a) National Level Set Up:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The composition of the National Land Use Council is as below:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-332\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"610\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-4.png 610w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-4-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-4-65x52.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-4-225x180.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-4-350x280.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-333\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-5.png 614w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-5-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-5-65x40.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-5-225x139.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-5-350x215.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-334\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"606\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-6.png 606w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-6-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-6-65x46.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-6-225x161.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-6-350x250.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-336\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-7.png 560w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-7-264x300.png 264w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-7-65x74.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-7-225x256.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-7-350x398.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>c) <strong>District level set up:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chairman<\/strong>: Chairman of District planning committee<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"><strong>Members<\/strong>: District level officers of Water resources, Revenue, Agriculture, Urban\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">development, Environment &amp; Forests, Town &amp; Country Planning, Industries etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"><strong>Member secretary<\/strong>: District collector<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>10. Policies, acts, and programmes that have a bearing on land resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-342\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"556\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-8.png 556w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-8-293x300.png 293w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-8-65x67.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-8-225x231.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-8-350x359.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-343\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-9.png 570w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-9-283x300.png 283w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-9-65x69.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-9-225x239.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-9-350x371.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-344\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-10.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"549\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-10.png 549w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-10-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-10-65x15.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-10-225x53.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-10-350x83.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-345\" src=\"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"557\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-11.png 557w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-11-297x300.png 297w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-11-65x66.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-11-225x227.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/174\/2019\/03\/2-11-350x354.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>you can view video on Land Use Planning II: Policy Framework and Utilization Trends<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AJThWzrp1B0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>http:\/\/eands.dacnet.nic.in\/PDF\/Glance-2016.pdf<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/dolr.nic.in\/dolr\/downloads\/PDFs\/Draft%20National%20Land%20Utilisation%2 0Policy%20(July%202013).pdf<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/www.moef.nic.in\/divisions\/ic\/wssd\/doc2\/ch13.pdf<\/li>\n<li>Mythili, G., &amp; Goedecke, J. (2016). Economics of land degradation in India. In Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement\u2013A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development (pp. 431-469). Springer International Publishing.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":27,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["sunil-mittal"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[58],"license":[],"class_list":["post-324","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-sunil-mittal"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":454,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/324\/revisions\/454"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/324\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=324"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=324"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}