{"id":274,"date":"2019-03-11T10:41:26","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T10:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=274"},"modified":"2019-04-24T11:27:54","modified_gmt":"2019-04-24T11:27:54","slug":"green-buildings","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/chapter\/green-buildings\/","title":{"rendered":"Green Buildings"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. \u00a0<\/strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  2. Defining Green Building<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  3. Goals of Green building<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  4. Features of Green Building<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  5. Strategies and Practices for Green Building Construction<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  6. Benefits of green building<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  7. Green Building Rating<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  8. Green Building \u2013 Indian Context<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  9. Steps for designing green buildings<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  10. Green Building Rating System in India<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  11. Green Buildings in India<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
  12. Initiatives for Promotion of Green Building Projects in India<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

      The construction sector poses a major challenge to the environment. An important aim of the building is to provide highest living standards without compromising the environmental and ecological sustainability. Apart from the basic function as a shelter, a building should provide two fundamental physiological \u2018comforts\u2019 i.e. Visual comfort<\/strong> (the ability to allow occupants to see clearly for carrying out their daily domestic\/ official tasks), and Thermal comfort<\/strong> (the ability to keep occupants cool in the summers and warm in the winters) to its occupants. These \u2018comforts\u2019 can be provided either naturally or artificially. Natural means using the naturally available resources such as sun-light, heat energy from sun, natural winds, evaporation, trees, etc.) While saving energy, for visual and thermal comforts. The artificial is use of manmade resources such as electric lighting, ACs, etc involving large-scale energy consumption coupled with huge energy generation leading to pollution and green-house gas emissions. To provide these comforts, a building needs to consume resources for construction and operation. A building can consume unimaginable quantities of resources such as land, soil, trees, plastics, metals, water, electricity etc. With unrestricted glass facades and extensive air-conditioned spaces, today we design buildings that work towards isolating the internal from the external environment, thereby resulting in very high energy consumption. It is imperative we alter that trend to minimize the detrimental impact on the environment and to create a new future for our next generation, children, our towns, cities and our country. The sunlight brings with it heat and glare, which people try to battle by rolling the blinds down and using lots of air-conditioning respectively .All the buildings generate site wastes, organic\/inorganic wastes, sewage wastes, waste wastes, e-wasted etc. Globally, buildings are responsible for at least 40% of energy use. An estimated 42% of the global water consumption and 50% of the global consumption of raw materials is consumed by buildings when taking into account the manufacture, construction, and operational period of buildings. In addition, building activities contribute an estimated 50% of the world\u2019s air pollution, 42% of its greenhouse gases, 50% of all water pollution, 48% of all solid wastes and 50% of all CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) to the environment.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

      However in terms of sale and purchase cost, the areas valued highest for Real Estate sale or purchase, are the greenest parts of a city. This is because, these offer the best quality of life in\u00a0terms of clean air, cooler climates, ample ground water, rich flora and fauna, natural lighting, ample wind-flow, recreation areas for children and adults, etc. Hence efforts are being made to construct such buildings which pose minimum challenges to the environment, be aesthetic, economical and promote sustainable development. The emphasis should always be on the construction and operation of buildings on sustainable basis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n2.\u00a0<\/strong>Defining Green Building<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

      As per U.S. EPA \u201cGreen building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building\u2019s life-cycle from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

      Similarly, World Green Building Council (WorldGBC) defines Green Building as a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment. Green buildings preserve precious natural resources and improve our quality of life.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n3.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Goals of Green building<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 To make the earth more sustainable,\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 To sustain the environment without disrupting the natural habitats around it.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 To promote a better planet earth for a better life not only for humans, but also for flora and fauna.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n4.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Features of Green Building<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

      The Green Building project should produce a building that is going to serve a purpose without compromising with changes in natural environment around the project site. The construction and operation activities should not disrupt the land, water, resources and energy in and around the building and promote a healthy environment for all involved. This building design should also focus on durability, utility, comfort and economy. A green building is expected to have the following features:<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Reducing pollution and degradation of environment\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Optimal demand for water, electrical energy and natural resources<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Minimum excavation of water from environment and Zero discharge<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Minimum generation of waste during various phases of construction and establishment<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Recycle and reuse all its waste on site<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Aesthetic and energy efficient. The design should be such that maximum natural energy can be utilized<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Generate its own electricity through renewable means such as Solar or use of biomass materials<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Use of local materials as far as possible in construction<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Minimum use of wood<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Grow its own food on site leaving some space for kitchen gardening.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Protecting occupant health and improving productivity<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n5.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Strategies and Practices for Green Building Construction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\ni)\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Design and Construction Material<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Architectural design should be such that to allow well ventilation to bringing fresh air inside, delivering good indoor air quality.<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Avoiding use of materials and chemicals which produce harmful or toxic emissions.<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Using sustainable building materials like brick from fly ash, air cavity blocks, recycled glass and steel, renewable materials like bamboo and rubber etc.<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Using of water based paints or lower volatile organic compound paints and stains.<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Building design should ensure comfort and enjoyment of their people by creating right indoor temperature and natural light through passive design.<\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Constructing green roof systems that offer on-site gardens and protection from the transfer of heat from roof top to building below.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nii)\u00a0<\/strong>Manage Energy<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 The <\/strong>use of energy should be minimized at all stages of a building\u2019s life-cycle<\/p>\r\n\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Installing energy-efficient windows and doors\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Maximizing natural light to save on lighting requirements and keep buildings warm in colder months\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Using renewable energy like installing solar system to power the building\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0\u00a0 Use of energy efficient appliances like LED lights, BEE 5 star rating appliances\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\niii)\u00a0\u00a0Saving water resources<\/strong>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Minimizing water use in buildings by use of recycled water<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Rain water harvesting to recharge the ground water<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Installing Sewage Treatment Plants to treat the waste water for reuse in landscaping, firefighting, construction activities etc.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Installing water purification systems to provide safe drinking water<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 Considering the impact of buildings on flow of storm water<\/span><\/p>\r\n

      \u00d8\u00a0 The net water balance of the building should be nearly Zero during operation phase i.e. as much water is excavated from ground that much should be recharged.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\niv)\u00a0Minimize waste production and maximize its recycle and reuse<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Using durable materials which generate less waste.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Accounting for a building\u2019s end of life stage by designing for demolition waste recovery and reuse.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Engaging building users in reuse and recycling.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nv)\u00a0Keeping our environment green<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Planting trees around the building to add aesthetic value.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Encouraging use of potted plants to add beauty and greenery.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Designing green walls and scope for kitchen garden on roof top.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\u00a0 Looking for ways to make urban areas greener.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n6.\u00a0\u00a0Benefits of green building<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

      The green buildings bring multiple benefits not only for environment but also for economy and society. The green building in collective play important role in addressing the environmental issues like global warming, climate change, pollution, depletion of natural resources etc. These may also be helpful in achieving the goals of sustainable development and economic growth. The benefits of green buildings range from individual building to global level. These can be divided into three main categories viz.<\/em> environmental, economic and social and each category is further subdivided into global, national and local levels. The benefits have been explained from the facts and statistics from various third-party sources.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\ni)\u00a0\u00a0 Environmental<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

      Green buildings offer benefits to our climate and environment. These not only reduce the harmful impacts on the environment but also produce a positive impact on the environment. General benefits of green buildings are:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      \r\n