{"id":148,"date":"2019-03-11T06:40:39","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T06:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/esp12.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=148"},"modified":"2019-04-24T09:34:07","modified_gmt":"2019-04-24T09:34:07","slug":"eia-methodology","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/esp12\/chapter\/eia-methodology\/","title":{"rendered":"EIA Methodology"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 1.\u00a0\u00a0Introduction\r\n

1.1 Desirable of EIA methodologies<\/p>\r\n

1.2 Criteria for selection of EIA Methodology<\/p>\r\n

1.3 Choosing a Method<\/p>\r\n

1.4 Objectives of methodologies<\/p>\r\n

1.5 Focus of Methodology<\/p>\r\n

1.6 Methodology Requirements<\/p>\r\n2.\u00a0Major Methodologies of EIA\r\n

2.1 Ad Hoc<\/p>\r\n

2.2 Checklists<\/p>\r\n

2.3 Matrices<\/p>\r\n

2.4 Networks<\/p>\r\n

2.5 Overlays<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1. Introduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

EIA methodology is a structural approach developed to identify, predict and value changes of an action. Changes are reflected to the sequence of activities, steps regarding the environmental issues (physical, chemical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural, landscape values and processes). The methodology uses in process quantify these changes. 1.1.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n1.1. Desirable of EIA methodologies<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

EIA\u00a0 Methodology\u00a0 are\u00a0 based\u00a0 on\u00a0 principle\u00a0 of\u00a0 equality,\u00a0 openness,\u00a0 cost-effectiveness\u00a0 and efficiency approaches. Broadly these are 4 types.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n(a)\u00a0Comprehensive: <\/strong>Recognize intricate systems and bound complex inter-relationship.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n(b)\u00a0Selective<\/strong>: Pinpoint critical (significant) impacts and eliminate as early as possible unimportant impacts.\r\n\r\n \r\n

(c)\u00a0\u00a0Comparative<\/strong>: Determine environmental changes due to the project activities compared with under existing conditions (Before starting project).<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n(d)\u00a0\u00a0 Objective: <\/strong>Provide unbiased measurements free from political and external influences.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.2. Criteria for selection of EIA Methodology<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Simplicity:\u00a0 <\/strong>The\u00a0 methodology\u00a0 should\u00a0 be\u00a0 simple\u00a0 and\u00a0 based\u00a0 on\u00a0 available\u00a0 manpower\u00a0 & background knowledge. It can be adapted without much difficulty.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Budget and Time<\/strong>: The methodology should be applied by small group with under approve budget and limited time span.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Flexibility: <\/strong>The method should be flexible and allow the modifications and changes during course of study.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n1.3. Choosing a Method<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

The methodology of EIA ranges from simple to complex and requires different kinds of data, several data formats, expertise and technological skill for their interpretation. Their analyses produce differing levels of precision and certainty. All of these factors should be considered for selecting a suitable methodology.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n1.4. Objectives of methodologies:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1. Understand the nature and location of the project and possible alternatives\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0 Identify factors of analysis and assessment objectives<\/span>\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0 Preliminary identification of impacts and scoping<\/span>\r\n\r\n4.\u00a0 Baseline studies and evolution in the absence of projects<\/span>\r\n\r\n5.\u00a0 Prediction and assessment of impacts and alternatives comparison<\/span>\r\n\r\n6.\u00a0 Mitigation<\/span>\r\n\r\n7.\u00a0 Monitoring and impacts management<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.5. Focus of Methodology<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPotential impacts and their types of environmental components Natural and social systems Time and space\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.6. Methodology Requirements<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

The EIA practitioner faces vast varieties of raw and unorganized information that must be collected and analyzed in preparation of an EIA report. The best methods are able to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n