33 Time Management

Content Outline

1.    Objectives

2.    Introduction

3.    What is Time Management?

4.    Why would we manage time?

5.    The Pareto Principle

6.    10 Common Time Management Mistakes

7.    The Matrix

8.    Time Management Strategies

1.   Objectives

At the end of the module, the learner will be able to,

• Explain the meaning of Time Management
• Suggest time management strategies
• Identify common time management mistakes

2.   Introduction

Working Smarter to Enhance Productivity is the key of today’s world. It seems that there is never enough time in the day. But, since we all get the same 24 hours, why is it that some people achieve so much more with their time than others? The answer lies in good time management.

The highest achievers manage their time exceptionally well. Good time management requires an important shift in focus from activities to results. Being busy isn’t the same as being effective. (Ironically, the opposite is often closer to the truth.)

Spending your day in a frenzy of activity often achieves less, because you’re dividing your attention between so many different tasks. Good time management lets you work smarter – not harder – so you get more done in less time.

3.   What is “Time Management?”

Time management refers to a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects and goals.

“Time management” refers to the way that you organize and plan how long you spend on specific activities.

It may seem counter-intuitive to dedicate precious time to learning about time management, instead of using it to get on with your work, but the benefits are enormous:

• Greater productivity and efficiency.
• A better professional reputation.
• Less stress.
• Increased opportunities for advancement.
• Greater opportunities to achieve important life and career goals.

Failing to manage your time effectively can have some very undesirable consequences:

• Missed deadlines.
• Inefficient work flow.
• Poor work quality.
• A poor professional reputation and a stalled career.
• Higher stress levels.

Spending a little time learning about time-management techniques will have huge benefits now – and throughout your career.

The modern concept of time management – the act of planning the amount of time you spend on which activities – really began with Frederick Taylor’s scientific management techniques. His goal was to increase worker productivity. To do this, he conducted time and motion studies and began to focus on the best ways for jobs to be performed to maximize the work completed in a given amount of time.

4.   Why Would We Manage Time?

Time management has come up as a subject in the management field to reach the goal of increasing productivity, especially among white collar workers for whom work output may be hard to measure. So, modern managers in these areas look for ways to monitor worker productivity in terms of time use.

Modern time management goals are still to increase productivity, but the best way to do so remains elusive. Many researchers have explored the subject and come up with different theories on effective time management. Here are the theories of a few big names in the time management field:

In her 1994 book, Thinking Smarter: Skills for Academic Success, Carla Crutsinger defined effective time management as the process of:

• Setting goals
• Prioritizing those goals
• Deciding how much time to allocate to specific tasks
• Adjusting plans as things change
• Revisiting the goals and priorities regularly
• Observing results

Academic leader Neil Shipman feels that the critical skills for time management are:

• Being aware of yourself – your habits and ways of working
• Structuring your time
• Setting goals and priorities
• Increasing personal efficiency and effectiveness
• Scheduling specific time for each activity
• Scheduling relaxation time in order to regenerate

William E. Kelly, in his 2002 article on time management, defined critical time management skills as:

• Making task lists
• Organizing resources and work
• Setting goals
• Creating and reviewing a schedule
• Breaking down large tasks into smaller pieces

The idea of time management has been around for more than 100 years, but don’t be fooled by the expression. Actually, Time can’t be managed; we can only manage ourselves and our use of time efficiently. Time management is actually self-management, and it is interesting that the skills we need to manage others are the skills we need to manage ourselves: the ability to plan, the ability to organise, the ability to monitor, the ability to direct and the ability to delegate.

Time management is a set of skills and tools to help us ‘effectively’ control the events of our lives. Effective time management means developing the skill of spending time on the things that matter. For convenience, people use the term ‘Time Management’.

‘Time wasters are petty activities and interruptions which eat up our valuable time and are really not that important in the grand scheme of things.’

• The number of hours they spend on non-productive activities at their workplace such as tea-breaks, water cooler chats, personal telephone calls and internet time etc.
• These time wasters are also referred to as time robbers as they steal away valuable hours of productive time from us.
• ‘Can we avoid time wasters and time wasting?’. However, we can “CONTROL” these time wasters.
• It is important to identify the time wasters and time spent on routine activities as this will help us in “Mining Time” to increase our productive time.
• It’s important to understand the Pareto Principle.
• 80% of unfocussed work produces only 20% of results.
• 20% of focused work produces 80% of results.

5.   The Pareto Principle

In 1906, Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto created a mathematical formula to describe the unequal distribution of wealth in his country, observing that twenty percent of the people owned eighty percent of the wealth. In the late 1940s, Dr. Joseph M. Juran inaccurately attributed the 80/20 Rule to Pareto, calling it Pareto’s Principle. While it may be misnamed, Pareto’s Principle or Pareto’s Law as it is sometimes called can be a very effective tool to help you manage effectively.

After Pareto made his observation and created his formula, many others observed similar phenomena in their own areas of expertise. Quality Management pioneer, Dr. Joseph Juran, working in the US in the 1930s and 40s recognized a universal principle he called the “vital few and trivial many” and reduced it to writing. In an early work, a lack of precision on Juran’s part made it appear that he was applying Pareto’s observations about economics to a broader body of work. The name Pareto’s Principle stuck, probably because it sounded better than Juran’s Principle.

As a result, Dr. Juran’s observation of the “vital few and trivial many”, the principle that 20 percent of something always are responsible for 80 percent of the results, became known as Pareto’s Principle or the 80/20 Rule.

What it means

The 80/20 Rule means that in anything a few (20 percent) are vital and many (80 percent) are trivial. In Pareto’s case, it meant 20 percent of the people owned 80 percent of the wealth.

In Juran’s initial work, he identified 20 percent of the defects causing 80 percent of the problems. Project Managers know that 20 percent of the work (the first 10 percent and the last 10 percent) consume 80 percent of your time and resources. You can apply the 80/20 Rule to almost anything, from the science of management to the physical world.

You know 20 percent of your stock takes up 80 percent of your warehouse space and that 80 percent of your stock comes from 20 percent of your suppliers. Also 80 percent of your sales will come from 20 percent of your sales staff. 20 percent of your staff will cause 80 percent of your problems, but another 20 percent of your staff will provide 80 percent of your production. It works both ways.

How it can help you

The value of the Pareto Principle for a leader is that it reminds you to focus on the 20 percent that matters. Of the things you do during your day, only 20 percent really matter. Those 20 percent produce 80 percent of your results. Identify and focus on those things.

Pareto’s Principle, the 80/20 Rule, should serve as a daily reminder to focus 80 percent of your time and energy on the 20 percent of you work that is really important.

Don’t just “work smart,” work smart on the right things.

Everyday interruptions at work can be a key barrier to managing your time effectively and, ultimately, can be a barrier to your success.

Think back to your last workday, and consider for a minute, the many interruptions that occurred. There may have been phone calls, emails, hall way conversations, colleagues stopping by your office, or anything else that unexpectedly demanded your attention and, in doing so, distracted you from the task at-hand.

Because your day only has so many hours in it, a handful of small interruptions can rob you of the time you need to achieve your goals and be successful in your work and life. More than this, they can break your focus, meaning that you have to spend time re-engaging with the thought processes needed to successfully complete complex work.

The key to controlling interruptions is to know what they are and whether they are necessary, and to plan for them in your daily schedule. The tips that follow will help you do that, and so prevent interruptions from frustrating you and jeopardizing your success.

• Keep an Interrupters Log

If interruptions consistently rob you of time and energy, or if they frequently push you off schedule and cause delays, it’s time to keep an Interrupters Log. This is a simple record of the interruptions you experience in the course of a day.

• Analyse and Conquer Interruptions

To analyse and conquer the interruptions you find in your Interrupters Log, firstly look at whether the interruption is valid or not.

Could someone have avoided interrupting you by waiting for a routine meeting? Or was it something they should have asked you about at all? If not, deal with this politely but assertively.

However, some interruptions are both urgent and valid. You need to be interrupted, and you need to deal with the situation.

• Put Your Phone to Work for You (Not Against You)

A little bit of planning can go a long way in working to control telephone interruptions, which many people experience all day long! If you are on a deadline or your focus needs to be intense (and not interrupted), use your voice mail to screen calls, or have an assistant deal with messages for you. This way, you can deal with calls by priority, and at times that suit you. In fact, this telephone time can be planned into your schedule, and so become a normal part of your working day.

• Catch Your Breath

When interrupted, it’s easy to get caught up in the “rush” of the person who is interrupting, for they undoubtedly feel their request is urgent. In reality, however, most interruptions are not genuinely crisis-driven, and it can serve everyone best to take a little time before taking action.

Take a few minutes to consider the situation. Catch your breath and clear your head. A small delay, even one of just a few minutes, goes a long way in assessing the situation accurately and reacting appropriately.

• Learn to Say “No”

It’s often acceptable to say “no” to requests or tasks if you are busy when someone else can handle it, if it is not an important task, or if it can be done later.

When this is the case, saying “no” in a courteous and sincere way, followed by a short explanation is the best course of action to take: “I am working against a very tight deadline on an important project right now so, I am sorry, but I cannot jump in and help.”

• “Available” and “Unavailable” Time

Simple yet effective: Let people know when you are available and when you are not. Make sure that people know that during your “unavailable time,” they should only interrupt you if they have to.

You and your co-workers can also agree on a signal that everyone in the office can use when unavailable, like turning the name plate on the door around, or simply closing the door. This alleviates interruptions and can avoid hurt feelings.

• “Invitation Only” Time

Schedule regular check-in times for the individuals you talk to most often. Ask these people to keep a running list of things that they need to discuss, so you can cover all the points at one time. And, force yourself to do the same.

An open-door policy is good, but you should limit the number of people you invite to your work area. For instance, if you’re scheduling a meeting, offer to meet your co-worker in his or her office or a conference room. This way, you can excuse yourself after you accomplish your purpose. Additionally, it’s much easier to get up and leave than it is to get people to leave your office once they’re seated and comfortable.

• Uncontrollable Interruptions

There are interruptions that, no matter how hard you try, you simply cannot control.

Most people are happy to schedule a more convenient time, but when this does not work, quickly set the parameters by saying something like, “I only have five minutes to talk about this right now,” and stick to it.

Do not ask the interrupter to sit down and do not engage in small talk. Encourage the interrupter to get right to the point and if a solution cannot be reached before the allotted time runs out, set a time for getting back to them and, again, stick to it.

6.   Ten Common Time Management Mistakes; Avoiding Common Pitfalls

How well do you manage your time? If you’re like many people, your answer may not be completely positive! Perhaps you feel overloaded, and you often have to work late to hit your deadlines. Or maybe your days seem to go from one crisis to another, and this is stressful and demoralizing. Many of us know that we could be managing our time more effectively; but it can be difficult to identify the mistakes that we’re making, and to know how we could improve. When we do manage our time well, however, we’re exceptionally productive at work, and our stress levels drop. We can devote time to the interesting, high-reward projects that can make a real difference to a career. In short, we’re happier.

Mistake #1. Failing to Keep a To-Do List

Do you ever have that nagging feeling that you’ve forgotten to do an important piece of work? If so, you probably don’t use a To-Do List to keep on top of things. (Or, if you do, you might not be using it effectively)

The trick with using To-Do Lists effectively lies in prioritizing the tasks on your list. Many people use an A – F coding system (A for high priority items, F for very low priorities). Alternatively, you can simplify this by using A through D, or by using numbers.

If you have large projects on your list, then, unless you’re careful, the entries for these can be vague and ineffective. For instance, you may have written down “Start on budget proposal.” But what does this entail? The lack of specifics here might cause you to procrastinate, or miss out key steps. So make sure that you break large tasks or projects down into specific, actionable steps – then you won’t overlook something important.

Mistake #2. Not Setting Personal Goals

Do you know where you’d like to be in six months? What about this time next year, or even 10 years from now? If not, it’s time to set some personal goals! Personal goal setting is essential to managing your time well, because goals give you a destination and vision to work towards. When you know where you want to go, you can manage your priorities, time, and resources to get there. Goals also help you decide what’s worth spending your time on, and what just a distraction is.

To learn how to set SMART, effective goals.

Mistake #3. Not Prioritizing

Your assistant has just walked in with a crisis that she needs you to deal with right now, but you’re in the middle of brainstorming ideas for a new client. You’re sure that you’ve almost come up with a brilliant idea for their marketing campaign, but now you risk losing the thread of your thinking because of this “emergency.”

Sometimes, it’s hard to know how to prioritize, especially when you’re facing a flood of seemingly-urgent tasks. However, it’s essential to learn how to prioritize tasks effectively if you want to manage your time better.

Mistake #4. Failing to Manage Distractions

Do you know that some of us can lose as much as two hours a day to distractions? Think how much you could get done if you had that time back. Whether they come from emails, IM chats, colleagues in a crisis, or phone calls from clients, distractions prevent us from achieving flow , which is the satisfying and seemingly effortless work that we do when we’re 100 percent engaged in a task.

If you want to gain control of your day and do your best work, it’s vital to know how to minimize distractions and manage interruptions effectively. For instance, turn off your IM chat when you need to focus, and let people know if they’re distracting you too often. You should also learn how to improve your concentration, even when you’re faced with distractions.

Mistake #5. Procrastination

Procrastination occurs when you put off tasks that you should be focusing on right now. When you procrastinate, you feel guilty that you haven’t started; you come to dread doing the task; and, eventually, everything catches up with you when you fail to complete the work on time.

One useful strategy is to tell yourself that you’re only going to start on a project for ten minutes. Often, procrastinators feel that they have to complete a task from start to finish, and this high expectation makes them feel overwhelmed and anxious. Instead, focus on devoting a small amount of time to starting. That’s all!

You might also find it helpful to use Action Plans. These help you break large projects down into manageable steps, so that it’s easy to see everything that you need to get done, and so that you can complete small chunks at a time. Doing this can stop you from feeling overwhelmed at the start of a new project.

Mistake #6. Taking on too much

Are you a person who has a hard time saying “no” to people? If so, you probably have far too many projects and commitments on your plate. This can lead to poor performance, stress, and low morale.

Or, you might be a micromanager: someone who insists on controlling or doing all of the work themselves, because they can’t trust anyone else to do it correctly. (This can be a problem for everyone – not just managers)

Either way, taking on too much is a poor use of your time, or it can get you a reputation for producing rushed, sloppy work.

To stop this, learn the subtle art of saying “yes” to the person, but “no” to the task. This skill helps you assert yourself, while still maintaining good feelings within the group. If the other person starts leaning on you to say “yes” to their request, learn how to think on your feet , and stay cool under pressure.

Mistake #7. Thriving on “Busy”

Some people get a rush from being busy. The narrowly-met deadlines, the endless emails, the piles of files needing attention on the desk, the frantic race to the meeting… What an adrenaline buzz.

The problem is that an “addiction to busyness” rarely means that you’re effective, and it can lead to stress.

Instead, try to slow down, and learn to manage your time better.

Mistake #8. Multitasking

To get on top of her workload, Rina regularly writes emails while she chats on the phone to her clients. However, while Linda thinks that this is a good use of her time, the truth is that it can take 20-40 percent more time to finish a list of jobs when you multitask, compared with completing the same list of tasks in sequence. The result is also that, she does both tasks poorly – her emails are full of errors, and her clients are frustrated by her lack of concentration.

So, the best thing is to forget about multitasking, and, instead, focus on one task at a time. That way, you’ll produce higher quality work.

Mistake #9. Not Taking Breaks

It’s nice to think that you can work for 8-10 hours straight, especially when you’re working to a deadline. But it’s impossible for anyone to focus and produce really high-quality work without giving their brains some time to rest and recharge.

So, don’t dismiss breaks as “wasting time.” They provide valuable down-time, which will enable you to think creatively and work effectively.

If it’s hard for you to stop working, then schedule breaks for yourself, or set an alarm as a reminder. Go for a quick walk, grab a cup of coffee, or just sit and meditate at your desk. Try to take a five minute break every hour or two. And make sure that you give yourself ample time for lunch – you won’t produce top quality work if you’re hungry.

Mistake #10. Ineffectively Scheduling Tasks

Are you a morning person? Or do you find your energy picking up once the sun begins to set in the evening? All of us have different rhythms, that is, different times of day when we feel most productive and energetic.

You can make best use of your time by scheduling high-value work during your peak time, and low-energy work (like returning phone calls and checking email), during your “down” time.

7.   Time Matrix

A time matrix is a time management tool that helps you focus on urgent and important tasks.

• To analyse how good all of them are at spending time effectively and that they will need a self-analysis to identify these facts.
• Stephen Covey’s ‘Time Management Matrix’ which is also known as the Urgent Important Model of Time Management.
• Stephen  Covey’s  “The  Seven  Habits  of  Highly  Effective  People”,  the  Time Management Urgent/Important Matrix is a powerful way of thinking about priorities. Using it helps us to overcome the natural tendency to focus on urgent activities sometimes at the expense of important activities. Emphasise that it is important to keep clear enough time to focus on what is really important. This is the way they can move from ‘constant fire- fighting’ into a position where they can focus and productively utilize time.

Time Matrix – Q1 : Tasks: Urgent and important

• Important deadlines
• Last minute preparations
• Important meetings
• Emergencies/crises

Time Matrix – Q2: Tasks: Non-urgent but important

• Personal developing
• Training
• Relationship building
• Health/exercise
• Prevention planning

Time Matrix – Q3: Tasks: Not important but urgent

• Some emails/phone calls
• Some meetings
• Many interruptions
• Some popular activities

Time Matrix – Q4: Tasks: Not important and non-urgent

• Trivia, excess TV
• Some phone calls
• Time wasters

Making Time Matrix Work*

1)    Understand priorities

2)    List associated tasks

3)    List Important duties

4)    List everything else you do with your time

Q2 Is the Place To Be

• Strive to spend the majority of time in Q2 – doing important, not-urgent tasks
• Q2 tasks involve planning, relationship building, looking after your health, training, and personal development
• Q2 tasks allow you to prep for the urgent tasks and things most important to you without unnecessary pressure

Hanging in Q2…

• Brings balance to your life
• Helps you to be more prepared
• Builds confidence in your role
• Reduces stress

Enemies of Time

• Procrastination
• Disorganization
• Time Wasters
• Not prioritizing

Time Wasters

• Internet surfing
• Television
• Getting involved in unnecessary matters
• Inability to say no
• What are your own time wasters?

Daily Schedule Tips

• End of each day, make a list for tomorrow.
• Build from what you’ve already written in your planner.
• Be specific.
• Adjust your schedule according to your commitments & assignments.

And Most Importantly…

• Be gentle on yourself if everything doesn’t get accomplished.
• Mark a big red check besides things you have accomplished
• Reward yourself for staying ahead of the game and knocking out tasks

Quadrant 1 – Urgent and Important

The Quadrant 1 is of Necessities – It has reactive tasks that need to be done, often at the last minute. Crises, ‘fire-fighting’ and looming deadlines are typical examples. There are two distinct types of urgent and important activities: Ones that you could not foresee, and others that you’ve left to the last minute.Time spent in this quadrant cannot be avoided, but it can be significantly reduced if people are prepared to spend more time in.

Quadrant 2 – Important but not Urgent

The Quadrant 2 is of Quality. It is important but not urgent. Proactive tasks, often habitual, that maintain or improve the quality of people’s work and life. These are the activities that help people achieve your personal and professional goals, and complete important work.

Should aim to spend more time in this quadrant. The more they expand this quadrant, the more they reduce the other three, particularly ‘sudden emergencies’ that should never have been allowed to become so. Although the activities here are important, and contribute to achieving the goals and priorities, they don’t have to be done right now. As a result, they can be scheduled in when people can give quality thought to them. A good example would be, the preparation of an important talk, or mentoring a key individual.

The results of properly dedicating ourselves to Quadrant 2 activities are that we will gain control over what is happening in our lives: we will thereby reduce the time we spend in Quadrant 1.

Quadrant 3 – Urgent but not Important

The Quadrant 3 is of Deception. It consists of things that urgent but not important. Plenty of people have gone home in the evening wondering where all the time went. Well, it was here! It’s so easy to get sucked into doing things that are the wrong side of the 80-20 rule. They look as if they must be dealt with right now (or people often insist with us that they need to be completed now), but frankly, are not important. For example, when you answer an unwanted phone call, – you’ve had to interrupt whatever you were doing to answer it. Many meetings, popular activities and easy tasks are probably a waste of your time. Some of the worst culprits are other people!

Quadrant 4 – Neither Urgent nor Important

Quadrant 4 is called the Quadrant of Waste – Emphasize that participants know what it is and they also know when they have been in it.

The trick is to know when you’re in it. Often, it starts out as restful time (which is Quadrant 2).The tipping point comes when you spend too long doing mindless things. Wasting time online, TV and excessively long conversations are some of the examples. Some meetings could fall into this category – they have been scheduled in advance, but if they achieve nothing, or you don’t contribute to them, then they have simply wasted time.

• Quadrant 1 – Strategies to Handle Urgent and Important Activities:

1. Plan Ahead to avoid Last Minute Activities –
2. Avoid PROCRASTINATION.
3. Leave some time in your schedule to handle unexpected crises or unplanned important activities.

•  Quadrant 2 – Strategies to Handle Important but Not Urgent Activities:

1. ORGANIZE yourself by creating a ‘To-Do’ list
2. Prioritize your tasks daily.
3. Allocate time to plan and review your major goals. (Refer to the previously discussed ‘Time Bucket’ Theory).
4. Set time limits for tasks.
5. SCHEDULE important activities for ‘peak’ hours.
6. Don’t get caught in low value details.

•  Quadrant 3 – Strategies to handle Urgent but Not Important Activities:

1. Learn how to be assertive and say ‘No’. Sometimes it’s appropriate to say “No” to people politely, or to encourage them to solve the problem themselves.
2.  Delegate work.

• Quadrant 4 – Strategies to handle Neither Urgent nor Important Activities:

1.    Recognize the “Time Wasters” and avoid distractions.

2.    Say ‘No’ politely to activities that other people may want you to do, but they do not contribute to your own desired outcomes. By prioritizing with the help of the matrix we can deal with truly urgent issues and also keep working towards important goals.

3.    Time for Quadrant 2 activity comes from Quadrants 3 and 4; minimise or eliminate the time you spend here.

8.   Time management Strategies

There are many different techniques and ideas you can employ to manage your time effectively. We have suggested some possible time management techniques below to help you work smarter rather than harder.

Ø  Set goals

Always define your objectives as clearly as possible. Decide what it is you want to achieve in the long term and be prepared to stick to this wherever possible and be flexible wherever necessary.

Ø  Have a plan

Sounds obvious, but you can’t achieve your goals without a plan. Plan your yearly, monthly and weekly activities and establish priorities. Constantly monitor and re-evaluate your plans against progress to ensure you stay on track.

Ø  Analyse your time

Make sure your use of time is efficient and effective. Eliminate time wasters and focus on important tasks. Stop reacting to tasks which appear urgent but carry no importance towards achieving your goals.

Ø  Delegate

Accept that you can’t do everything, and that other people can be trusted. When you do delegate, explain the task and the result required thoroughly, and then let them get on with it.

Ø  Communicate efficiently

Be ruthlessly efficient in your handling of letters and phone calls. Handle correspondence and calls only once; deal with them there and then if possible, don’t put them aside to come back to later. Screen calls with an answering machine or PA and set a time limit for telephone conversations. Offer to call back if more time is required.

9.   Use Power of 5

•  5 things I will start doing from today
• 5 things I will stop doing from today
• 5 things I will continue doing

Understanding time management principles is not difficult, but to get results you must be committed to building time management techniques into your daily routine. By setting goals, planning activities and eliminating time wasters, and doing this every day, you may find you can achieve your goals yet still have more time for those people and pastimes most important to you.

Jean De La Bruyere: –

“Those who make the worst use of their time are the first to complain of its shortness.”

References

• What is Time Management? – Time Management Skills From MindTools.com http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_00.htm
• Productivity Quiz – Time Management Tools from MindTools.com –
  http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/productivity-quiz.htm
• 10 Common Time Management Mistakes – from Mind Tools.com –
  http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/time-management-mistakes.htm
• Time Management Techniques for the ACT Math – Video & Lesson Transcript | Education Portal – http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/time-managementtechniques-for-the-act-math.html#lesson
• What is Time Management? – Definition, Examples & Studies | Education Portal –
  http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-time-management-definitionexamples studies.html#lesson
• Time Management Courseware – Soft Skills Training Materials – http://corporatetrainingmaterials.com/time_management/index.asp?gclid=CNiDtOG
  S18ICFQWSjgoduJgAnA
• How Good is Your Time Management? – from MindTools.com -http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_88.htm
• Discover Time Management Tools That Can Help You – Google Search -https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=604&noj=1&sclient=psyab&q=Discover+Time+Management+Tools+That+Can+Help+You&oq=Discover+Time+Management+Tools+That+Can+Help+You&gs_l=serp.12..0i22i30.14406.14406.1
  .17823.1.1.0.0.0.0.154.154.0j1.1.0….0…1c.1.46.serp..0.1.152.H_9JEi1KwzQ
• Time Management Strategies – Time Management Strategies.pdf – https://www.kstate.edu/paccats/Contents/Stress/Time%20Management%20Strategies.pdf