{"id":70,"date":"2019-04-11T07:31:03","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T07:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=front-matter&#038;p=70"},"modified":"2022-01-10T06:09:28","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T06:09:28","slug":"types-of-lipids-ii","status":"publish","type":"front-matter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/front-matter\/types-of-lipids-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Lipids II"},"content":{"raw":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TTnLEuhp_xE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>v To know about the complex lipids<\/li>\r\n \t<li>v What are their significance<\/li>\r\n \t<li>v How they act in a system<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li><strong>Concept Map<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-72\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-34.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"682\" height=\"532\" \/>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li><strong> Description<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><em>3.1 Types of Lipids II<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Complex Lipids<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Glycolipids<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">DGDG mono estolide from the kernel of oat<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The estolide of DGDG include an avenolic acid (15-hydroxylated linoleic acid) and linoleic acid cluster. The di estolides of DGDG have also been isolated from the kernels of oat.<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"967\" height=\"422\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Structure of estolide of DGDG from the kernel of oat<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A diminutive fraction of Tri and TetraGDG estolides were also noticed and overall the estolides include 10% of lipid fraction and ~29% of the total glycolipid fraction (extracted in methanol).<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From the exudates of glandular trichome (secretory organ) of a cherry tree (<em>Cerasu yedoensis<\/em>) in Japan, 2-Acetoxy-1-(3-glycosyloxyoctadecanoyl) glycerol has been isolated and characterized. A 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid allied to disaccharide esterifies glycerol at sn 1 position, while sn 2 position being acylated.<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-73\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1477\" height=\"821\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Structure of 2-Acetoxy-1-(3-glycosyloxyoctadecanoyl) glycerol<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Alkyl acyl glycosylglycerols<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cramerides (monoglycosyldiacylglycerol intermediate) was isolated from <em>Pseudoceratina<\/em> <em>crassa<\/em>, a sponge having a bizarre moiety of cyclitol, an alkyl chain (branched) and an acyl chain (saturated) with 14-16 carbon atoms (unbranched or branched). These compounds act as feeding deterrents in fish.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1505\" height=\"1009\" \/>\r\n\r\n<em>Dialkyl glycosylglycerols<\/em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Are diether lipids from bacteria containing glycosidic headgroups noticed in carbonated chimney of the hydrothermal field. These compounds have non-isoprenoid diethers and signify an exceptional permutation of archaeal distinctiveness in lipids of bacteria. A mono or a diglycosyl moiety is present at the polar head group and alkyl chains (14-18 carbon units) is either or monomethylated, monounsaturated or saturated. Since these glycolipids exist from the creation of life on earth, it was contemplated that they were the evolutionary precursor of phospholipids and their existence is interrelated to an incredibly squat level of phosphate in the utter atmosphere.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-75\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-37.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"249\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Myrmekiosides, a novel glyceroglycolipid have been reported from <em>Myrmekioderma sp<\/em>., a sponge possessing anti-tumor properties. At C1 position of glycerol, an O-alkyl ether chain (where R contains 16 carbon units\/chain with or without a branched methyl group), at C2 position two moles of glucose and at C3 one mole of xylose were found.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-76\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-38.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"491\" height=\"460\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nStructure of Myrmekiosides\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Trikentrion loeve<\/em>, a Senegalese sponge revealed an exceptional ether lipid distinguished by the glycosylation (xylose) of two glycerol radicals and an O-alkenyl chain of ether (24 carbon units with lone double bond) at the third radical. In human brain, glyceroplasmalopsychosine (a plasmal conjugate of psychosine and glycerol), an additional ether lipid has been depicted.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-77\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-39.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"252\" height=\"179\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cyanobacterium<em>, Synechocystis sp<\/em> possess acylated forms of glycoglycerolipids bearing a palmitoyl group esterified at hydroxyl group of C-6 position of the terminal glycosyl moiety of either acylated DGMG or DGDG. The presence of acylated MGMG, MGDG and DGDG was also stated from nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria and leaf homogenates. <em>Bacillus acidocaldarius<\/em>,\u00a0<span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">possess an extraordinary glucosamidyl glycolipids comprising ~64% of the total lipids (N-acyl derivative of Glucopyranosyl (1-&gt; 4) Glucosamine (1-&gt;3)-diacylglycerol along with amide-<\/span><\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1049\" height=\"318\" \/>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nlinked branched 13-cyclohexyltridecanoic acid, 11-cyclohexylundecanoic or heptadecanoic acid. In algae and bacteria, a hefty amount of glycolipids including diverse combinations of sugar have been reported.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Mycoloyl arabinosylglycerols<\/em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAre new glycolipids isolated from <em>Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare<\/em> complex, described by an arabinofuranosyl glycerol acylated on the C5 of the arabinose by an assorted mycolic acid structures (wax ester mycolic, mycolic, keto mycolic).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Alkyl galactosylglycerols amid acetal group<\/em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From the equine brain, a novel galactosylalkylglycerol named Plasmalogalactosylalkylglycerol was isolated consisting of a long chain cyclic acetal at the sugar moiety. The acetal and alkyl group chain lengths were C14 for the earlier and C16 and C18 for the last. The intact equine brain includes about 5 mg of plasmalogalactosylalkylglycerol.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-79\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1153\" height=\"873\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Glycophospholipids<\/em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Are primarily described in bacteria, however, in other living creatures, the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors are present. The simplest forms of glycophospholipid consist of phospholipid, phosphatidic acid, linked to a glycosyl group. Glucosylated phosphatidic acid is the simplest compounds present in the erythrocytes of umbilical cord, human neutrophils, human epithelium, rat brain and might be a marker for lipid rafts.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1097\" height=\"549\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Exclusively composed of a sole pair of fatty acids (saturated, 18:0 &amp; 20:0), its task remains indefinite, however, carbonyl compounds and sugars interrelate with proteins or amino acids in Maillard reaction. Correspondingly, it has been depicted that phosphatidyl ethanolamine undergo Amadori rearrangement after reacting with glucose leading via an unstable Schiff base, formation.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-81\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1229\" height=\"395\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Later, they were noticed in liver of rat, however its concentration increased in diabetic rats followed by establishment of their correct structure in human erythrocytes. It has also been observed that Amadori lipid products generate oxidative stress and accelerate membrane lipid peroxidation that amends cell survival and integrity. Concentration of Amadori PE has been found higher in erythrocytes and plasma of diabetic patients as compared to healthy individual. Phosphatidyl monoglucosyl diacylglycerol (PMDG) is found in many Gram-positive bacteria, however, its metabolism and structure elucidation was accomplished in <em>Pseudomonas diminuta.<\/em><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-82\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-44.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"336\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Phosphatidyl glucosaminyl glycerol (PGG) is found in <em>Bacillus megaterium<\/em><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-83\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1289\" height=\"425\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From several species of <em>Halomonas<\/em> (halophilic Gram negative bacteria), Phosphatidylglycerol moiety has been isolated. It consist of a phosphatidic acid attached to glycerol residue that is alkylated by a glucose moeity. C16:0, C19:cyclopropane, oleic acid, palmitic acid are the most plentiful acyl chains attached to the phosphatidylglycerol moiety. The tetatnus causing microbe, <em>Clostridium tetani<\/em>, produces N-acetylglucosaminyl diacylglycerol where a phosphoethanolamine moeity is annexed to the C6 position of sugar.<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-46.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"173\" \/>\r\n\r\nN-Acetylglucosaminyl-phosphoethanolamine diacylglycerol\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In phosphatidylinositol polymannoside (PIPM) established in <em>Mycobacteria<\/em>, at 2\u2019position of inositol, a mannopyranoside cluster and at 6\u2019 position, one to five mannoside groups are present. It was established that phosphatidylinositol mannosides from <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/em> wield effective anti inflammatory effects and inhibit the production of chemokines, cytokines and NO both <em>in vitro<\/em> and <em>in vivo<\/em> via Toll-like receptor inhibition. Mannophosphoinositides presence in phospholipid composition is a striking feature of some bacteria and Actinomycetes. Mono-mannosides have been delineated in <em>Streptomyces, Propionibacteria<\/em> and <em>Mycobacterium<\/em> species. Two types of dimannosides were identified from <em>Streptomyces griseus<\/em> with one extra fatty acid fastened to a mannose residue (tri &amp; tetra acylmannoside). In <em>Mycobacteria<\/em>, Polymannosides, one of the most complexes with a number of fatty acids acylating the mannose chain were identified.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-47.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"431\" height=\"230\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In <em>Corynebacterium urealyticum,<\/em> C16:0 or C18:1 (R3) acylated phosphatidylinositol dimannosides were also illustrated with acylating one of the two mannose groups.<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-86\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-48.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"430\" height=\"292\" \/>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li><strong> Summary<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In this lecture we learnt about:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The Complex Lipid Types<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Their Significance and Role in different organism<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>you can view video on Types of Lipids II<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TTnLEuhp_xE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n<strong>Weblinks<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.learnyourlipids.com\/lipids\/\">www.learnyour<strong>lipids<\/strong>.com\/<strong>lipids<\/strong>\/<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/Types-of-Lipids.aspx\">www.news-medical.net\/health\/<strong>Types-of-Lipids<\/strong>.aspx<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lipid\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/<strong>Lipid<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chemistry.about.com\/od\/lecturenoteslab1\/a\/Types-Of-Lipids-And-Where-They-Are-Found.htm\">http:\/\/chemistry.about.com\/od\/lecturenoteslab1\/a\/Types-Of-Lipids-And-Where-They-Are-Found.htm<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chemistry.tutorvista.com\/biochemistry\/types-of-lipids.html\">http:\/\/chemistry.tutorvista.com\/biochemistry\/types-of-lipids.html<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austincc.edu\/emeyerth\/lipids.htm\">http:\/\/www.austincc.edu\/emeyerth\/lipids.htm<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.livestrong.com\/article\/125188-three-types-lipids\/\">http:\/\/www.livestrong.com\/article\/125188-three-types-lipids\/<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wREjL24BYyk\">www.<strong>youtube<\/strong>.com\/watch?v=wREjL24BYyk<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EkDMF8w2Ins\">www.<strong>youtube<\/strong>.com\/watch?v=EkDMF8w2Ins<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Books<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1.Chemistry Of Biomolecules by Bhutani SP. 2009. Page 258 <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=8190840657\">https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=8190840657<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.\u00a0 Biochemistry by Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. 2002. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK22361\/\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK22361\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.Biochemistry by Thomas Briggs, \u200eAlbert M. Chandler. 1995. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=0387943986\">https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=0387943986<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.Teaching Innovations in Lipid Science by Randall J. Weselake. 2007. Pages-216 <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=1420012800\">https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=1420012800<\/a><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Journals<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Deuel HJ. Lipid metabolism. Calif Med. 1950 Apr; 72 (4): 197-200.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Hartroft WS. Effects of various <strong>types<\/strong> of <strong>lipids<\/strong> in experimental hypolipotropic diets. Fed Proc. 1955 Jun; 14 (2): 655-660.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TTnLEuhp_xE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"epgp books\" width=\"75px\" height=\"75px;\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>v To know about the complex lipids<\/li>\n<li>v What are their significance<\/li>\n<li>v How they act in a system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Concept Map<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-72\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-34.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"682\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-34.png 682w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-34-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-34-65x51.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-34-225x176.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-34-350x273.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Description<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>3.1 Types of Lipids II<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Complex Lipids<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Glycolipids<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">DGDG mono estolide from the kernel of oat<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The estolide of DGDG include an avenolic acid (15-hydroxylated linoleic acid) and linoleic acid cluster. The di estolides of DGDG have also been isolated from the kernels of oat.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"967\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33.png 967w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33-768x335.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33-65x28.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33-225x98.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-33-350x153.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 967px) 100vw, 967px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Structure of estolide of DGDG from the kernel of oat<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A diminutive fraction of Tri and TetraGDG estolides were also noticed and overall the estolides include 10% of lipid fraction and ~29% of the total glycolipid fraction (extracted in methanol).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From the exudates of glandular trichome (secretory organ) of a cherry tree (<em>Cerasu yedoensis<\/em>) in Japan, 2-Acetoxy-1-(3-glycosyloxyoctadecanoyl) glycerol has been isolated and characterized. A 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid allied to disaccharide esterifies glycerol at sn 1 position, while sn 2 position being acylated.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-73\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1477\" height=\"821\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35.png 1477w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35-768x427.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35-1024x569.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35-65x36.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35-225x125.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-35-350x195.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1477px) 100vw, 1477px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Structure of 2-Acetoxy-1-(3-glycosyloxyoctadecanoyl) glycerol<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Alkyl acyl glycosylglycerols<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cramerides (monoglycosyldiacylglycerol intermediate) was isolated from <em>Pseudoceratina<\/em> <em>crassa<\/em>, a sponge having a bizarre moiety of cyclitol, an alkyl chain (branched) and an acyl chain (saturated) with 14-16 carbon atoms (unbranched or branched). These compounds act as feeding deterrents in fish.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1505\" height=\"1009\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36.png 1505w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36-768x515.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36-1024x687.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36-65x44.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36-225x151.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-36-350x235.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1505px) 100vw, 1505px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Dialkyl glycosylglycerols<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Are diether lipids from bacteria containing glycosidic headgroups noticed in carbonated chimney of the hydrothermal field. These compounds have non-isoprenoid diethers and signify an exceptional permutation of archaeal distinctiveness in lipids of bacteria. A mono or a diglycosyl moiety is present at the polar head group and alkyl chains (14-18 carbon units) is either or monomethylated, monounsaturated or saturated. Since these glycolipids exist from the creation of life on earth, it was contemplated that they were the evolutionary precursor of phospholipids and their existence is interrelated to an incredibly squat level of phosphate in the utter atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-75\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-37.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-37.png 404w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-37-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-37-65x40.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-37-225x139.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-37-350x216.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Myrmekiosides, a novel glyceroglycolipid have been reported from <em>Myrmekioderma sp<\/em>., a sponge possessing anti-tumor properties. At C1 position of glycerol, an O-alkyl ether chain (where R contains 16 carbon units\/chain with or without a branched methyl group), at C2 position two moles of glucose and at C3 one mole of xylose were found.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-76\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-38.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"491\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-38.png 491w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-38-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-38-65x61.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-38-225x211.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-38-350x328.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Structure of Myrmekiosides<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Trikentrion loeve<\/em>, a Senegalese sponge revealed an exceptional ether lipid distinguished by the glycosylation (xylose) of two glycerol radicals and an O-alkenyl chain of ether (24 carbon units with lone double bond) at the third radical. In human brain, glyceroplasmalopsychosine (a plasmal conjugate of psychosine and glycerol), an additional ether lipid has been depicted.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-77\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-39.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"252\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-39.png 252w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-39-65x46.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-39-225x160.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cyanobacterium<em>, Synechocystis sp<\/em> possess acylated forms of glycoglycerolipids bearing a palmitoyl group esterified at hydroxyl group of C-6 position of the terminal glycosyl moiety of either acylated DGMG or DGDG. The presence of acylated MGMG, MGDG and DGDG was also stated from nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria and leaf homogenates. <em>Bacillus acidocaldarius<\/em>,\u00a0<span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">possess an extraordinary glucosamidyl glycolipids comprising ~64% of the total lipids (N-acyl derivative of Glucopyranosyl (1-&gt; 4) Glucosamine (1-&gt;3)-diacylglycerol along with amide-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1049\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40.png 1049w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40-768x233.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40-1024x310.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40-65x20.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40-225x68.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-40-350x106.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1049px) 100vw, 1049px\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>linked branched 13-cyclohexyltridecanoic acid, 11-cyclohexylundecanoic or heptadecanoic acid. In algae and bacteria, a hefty amount of glycolipids including diverse combinations of sugar have been reported.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Mycoloyl arabinosylglycerols<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Are new glycolipids isolated from <em>Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare<\/em> complex, described by an arabinofuranosyl glycerol acylated on the C5 of the arabinose by an assorted mycolic acid structures (wax ester mycolic, mycolic, keto mycolic).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Alkyl galactosylglycerols amid acetal group<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From the equine brain, a novel galactosylalkylglycerol named Plasmalogalactosylalkylglycerol was isolated consisting of a long chain cyclic acetal at the sugar moiety. The acetal and alkyl group chain lengths were C14 for the earlier and C16 and C18 for the last. The intact equine brain includes about 5 mg of plasmalogalactosylalkylglycerol.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-79\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1153\" height=\"873\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41.png 1153w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41-768x581.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41-1024x775.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41-65x49.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41-225x170.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-41-350x265.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1153px) 100vw, 1153px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Glycophospholipids<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Are primarily described in bacteria, however, in other living creatures, the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors are present. The simplest forms of glycophospholipid consist of phospholipid, phosphatidic acid, linked to a glycosyl group. Glucosylated phosphatidic acid is the simplest compounds present in the erythrocytes of umbilical cord, human neutrophils, human epithelium, rat brain and might be a marker for lipid rafts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1097\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42.png 1097w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42-65x33.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42-225x113.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-42-350x175.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1097px) 100vw, 1097px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Exclusively composed of a sole pair of fatty acids (saturated, 18:0 &amp; 20:0), its task remains indefinite, however, carbonyl compounds and sugars interrelate with proteins or amino acids in Maillard reaction. Correspondingly, it has been depicted that phosphatidyl ethanolamine undergo Amadori rearrangement after reacting with glucose leading via an unstable Schiff base, formation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-81\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1229\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43.png 1229w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43-768x247.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43-1024x329.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43-65x21.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43-225x72.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-43-350x112.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1229px) 100vw, 1229px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Later, they were noticed in liver of rat, however its concentration increased in diabetic rats followed by establishment of their correct structure in human erythrocytes. It has also been observed that Amadori lipid products generate oxidative stress and accelerate membrane lipid peroxidation that amends cell survival and integrity. Concentration of Amadori PE has been found higher in erythrocytes and plasma of diabetic patients as compared to healthy individual. Phosphatidyl monoglucosyl diacylglycerol (PMDG) is found in many Gram-positive bacteria, however, its metabolism and structure elucidation was accomplished in <em>Pseudomonas diminuta.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-82\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-44.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-44.png 511w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-44-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-44-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-44-225x148.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-44-350x230.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Phosphatidyl glucosaminyl glycerol (PGG) is found in <em>Bacillus megaterium<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-83\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1289\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45.png 1289w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45-768x253.png 768w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45-1024x338.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45-65x21.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45-225x74.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-45-350x115.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1289px) 100vw, 1289px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">From several species of <em>Halomonas<\/em> (halophilic Gram negative bacteria), Phosphatidylglycerol moiety has been isolated. It consist of a phosphatidic acid attached to glycerol residue that is alkylated by a glucose moeity. C16:0, C19:cyclopropane, oleic acid, palmitic acid are the most plentiful acyl chains attached to the phosphatidylglycerol moiety. The tetatnus causing microbe, <em>Clostridium tetani<\/em>, produces N-acetylglucosaminyl diacylglycerol where a phosphoethanolamine moeity is annexed to the C6 position of sugar.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-46.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-46.png 511w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-46-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-46-65x22.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-46-225x76.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-46-350x118.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>N-Acetylglucosaminyl-phosphoethanolamine diacylglycerol<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In phosphatidylinositol polymannoside (PIPM) established in <em>Mycobacteria<\/em>, at 2\u2019position of inositol, a mannopyranoside cluster and at 6\u2019 position, one to five mannoside groups are present. It was established that phosphatidylinositol mannosides from <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/em> wield effective anti inflammatory effects and inhibit the production of chemokines, cytokines and NO both <em>in vitro<\/em> and <em>in vivo<\/em> via Toll-like receptor inhibition. Mannophosphoinositides presence in phospholipid composition is a striking feature of some bacteria and Actinomycetes. Mono-mannosides have been delineated in <em>Streptomyces, Propionibacteria<\/em> and <em>Mycobacterium<\/em> species. Two types of dimannosides were identified from <em>Streptomyces griseus<\/em> with one extra fatty acid fastened to a mannose residue (tri &amp; tetra acylmannoside). In <em>Mycobacteria<\/em>, Polymannosides, one of the most complexes with a number of fatty acids acylating the mannose chain were identified.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-47.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"431\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-47.png 431w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-47-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-47-65x35.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-47-225x120.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-47-350x187.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In <em>Corynebacterium urealyticum,<\/em> C16:0 or C18:1 (R3) acylated phosphatidylinositol dimannosides were also illustrated with acylating one of the two mannose groups.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-86\" src=\"http:\/\/biocp05.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-48.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"430\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-48.png 430w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-48-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-48-65x44.png 65w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-48-225x153.png 225w, https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/216\/2019\/04\/Untitled-48-350x238.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Summary<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In this lecture we learnt about:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<ul>\n<li>The Complex Lipid Types<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Their Significance and Role in different organism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>you can view video on Types of Lipids II<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TTnLEuhp_xE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-120\" src=\"http:\/\/epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/download.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Weblinks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.learnyourlipids.com\/lipids\/\">www.learnyour<strong>lipids<\/strong>.com\/<strong>lipids<\/strong>\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/Types-of-Lipids.aspx\">www.news-medical.net\/health\/<strong>Types-of-Lipids<\/strong>.aspx<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lipid\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/<strong>Lipid<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chemistry.about.com\/od\/lecturenoteslab1\/a\/Types-Of-Lipids-And-Where-They-Are-Found.htm\">http:\/\/chemistry.about.com\/od\/lecturenoteslab1\/a\/Types-Of-Lipids-And-Where-They-Are-Found.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chemistry.tutorvista.com\/biochemistry\/types-of-lipids.html\">http:\/\/chemistry.tutorvista.com\/biochemistry\/types-of-lipids.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.austincc.edu\/emeyerth\/lipids.htm\">http:\/\/www.austincc.edu\/emeyerth\/lipids.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.livestrong.com\/article\/125188-three-types-lipids\/\">http:\/\/www.livestrong.com\/article\/125188-three-types-lipids\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wREjL24BYyk\">www.<strong>youtube<\/strong>.com\/watch?v=wREjL24BYyk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EkDMF8w2Ins\">www.<strong>youtube<\/strong>.com\/watch?v=EkDMF8w2Ins<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Books<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1.Chemistry Of Biomolecules by Bhutani SP. 2009. Page 258 <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=8190840657\">https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=8190840657<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">2.\u00a0 Biochemistry by Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. 2002. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK22361\/\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK22361\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">3.Biochemistry by Thomas Briggs, \u200eAlbert M. Chandler. 1995. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=0387943986\">https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=0387943986<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">4.Teaching Innovations in Lipid Science by Randall J. Weselake. 2007. Pages-216 <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=1420012800\">https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?isbn=1420012800<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Journals<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Deuel HJ. Lipid metabolism. Calif Med. 1950 Apr; 72 (4): 197-200.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Hartroft WS. Effects of various <strong>types<\/strong> of <strong>lipids<\/strong> in experimental hypolipotropic diets. Fed Proc. 1955 Jun; 14 (2): 655-660.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["dr-suaib-luqman"],"pb_section_license":""},"front-matter-type":[],"contributor":[58],"license":[],"class_list":["post-70","front-matter","type-front-matter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-dr-suaib-luqman"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/70","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/front-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/70\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":323,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/70\/revisions\/323"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/70\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"front-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter-type?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/biocp05\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=70"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}