{"id":733,"date":"2022-02-04T05:37:49","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T05:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/?post_type=chapter&p=733"},"modified":"2022-02-04T06:14:04","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T06:14:04","slug":"733","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/chapter\/733\/","title":{"rendered":"Lighting of Public Places – 1"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nE-<\/strong>te<\/strong>xt & learn more e-Text<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Lighting of Public Spaces<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nLighting of public space:<\/strong>\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • During daytime, natural light facilitates a safe, comfortable, efficient and enjoyable walking experience. During darkness, artificial lighting techniques should light the environment for the particular needs and preferences of pedestrians to maintain that standard of walking experience.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n\r\nPublic lighting for pedestrian areas<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n
      \r\n \t
    • Effective pedestrian lighting optimizes the amount of useable visibility that is provided. <\/em>Useable visibility relates to the pedestrian behaviors that are intended and desired for an area or route \u2013 it is the nature of those pedestrian activities and locations that should drive determination of the appropriate size, location and intensity of pedestrian lighting. A light which illuminates pedestrians or pedestrian facilities is called pedestrian lighting.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n
        \r\n \t
      • Three types of pedestrian lighting,<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. Primary- \u00a0takes \u00a0care \u00a0of \u00a0all \u00a0lighting \u00a0tasks\/only \u00a0lighting \u00a0(way \u00a0finding, \u00a0security hazards)<\/li>\r\n \t
        2. Supplementary- \u00a0part \u00a0of \u00a0larger \u00a0lighting \u00a0system\/focused \u00a0lighting( \u00a0way \u00a0finding, lighting possible hazards)<\/li>\r\n \t
        3. Decorative- Aesthetic purposes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n \r\n
            \r\n \t
          • Three main factors by which Public lighting in Pedestrian areas can be controlled.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. The angle<\/li>\r\n \t
            2. The distance<\/li>\r\n \t
            3. The \u2018size\u2019\u00a0 of\u00a0 t he\u00a0 light\u00a0 source<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n1. The angle between the light source and the viewer<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n 2.\u00a0 The distance between the light source and the lit subject<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n\"\"<\/strong>\r\n\r\nColoured lighting :<\/strong>\r\n
              \r\n\r\n \r\n

              Colour appearance- <\/strong>Refers to the apparent colour of the emitted light. The colour appearance of lighting can be selected to particularly complement the scene being lit, to create prestigious and attractive effects .<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\nColour rendering- <\/strong>Refers to the effect that lighting has on the colours of the objects that it illuminates.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n

              Nuisance of light- <\/strong>through misdirection of illumination creating glare or \u2018spill\u2019 light. \u2018inappropriate lighting\u2019 through over-lighting a location or certain features. Glare occurs when light is seen as too bright, relative to the ambient brightness that the viewer has adapted to, eg when the pedestrian moves rapidly between an area of low luminance and an area of high luminance; \u2018Spill light\u2019 <\/strong>occurs where illumination is provided outside of the target area. Illumination can also spill upwards, creating \u2018sky glow<\/strong>\u2019.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

              \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nObjectives of outdoor lighting<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n
                \r\n \t
              • Improving the legibility of critical nodes, landmarks, circulations and activity zones in landscapes. Safe movement of pedestrian. Reveal salient features of site at a desired intensity of light<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n\r\nOutdoor lighting design principles\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Orientation<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n
                  \r\n \t
                • Lighting Hierarchy:\u00a0 <\/strong>Major \u00a0and \u00a0minor \u00a0roads \u00a0and \u00a0paths \u00a0are \u00a0differentiated. Done by varying height, spacing, color of the lamps, distribution and brightness of the light.<\/li>\r\n \t
                • Clear Lighting Patterns -<\/strong>Staggered layout of road and pathway lighting tends to obscure rather than reinforce the direction of circulation and the location of intersections.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n\r\n2.\u00a0 Identification<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  • Intersection Articulation - <\/strong>Decision points, crossings, arrival points - presence, shape and nature.<\/li>\r\n \t
                  • Placement of Luminaires-\u00a0 <\/strong>Spacing height and distribution patterns.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    • Deciding what to light<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nDeciding What to Light and what not to light\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n3. Safety<\/strong>\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • Glare-<\/strong>Visual discomfort. Luminaries location, mounting height, fixture type and lamp intensity should be carefully selected to optimize light distribution and minimize glare.<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • Under lighting- <\/strong>Less lighting is hazardous to protect pedestrians and public open spaces.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n\r\n4.\u00a0 Security<\/strong>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        • Walkway Lights \u00a0<\/strong>- \u00a0Enough \u00a0peripheral \u00a0distribution \u00a0to \u00a0immediate \u00a0surroundings. Vertical light distribution over walk way areas.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\n\r\n5.\u00a0 Atmosphere and Character<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • Background- <\/strong>Exterior spaces should have a well-defined sense of background. Should be\u00a0 accommodated with\u00a0 peripheral\u00a0 lighting from the walkways, signage, entrances, and other elements relevant to the definition of the space .<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Foreground-<\/strong>Foreground spaces \u00a0should \u00a0utilize \u00a0local \u00a0lighting \u00a0which \u00a0produces maximum focus, minimum distractions, and no glare.<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Surveillance - <\/strong>Light backgrounds. Highlight the entrances.<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Vandalism<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n\"\"","rendered":"
                            \n

                             <\/p>\n

                            E-<\/strong>te<\/strong>xt & learn more e-Text<\/strong><\/p>\n

                             <\/p>\n

                            Lighting of Public Spaces<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                            \n

                             <\/p>\n

                             <\/p>\n

                            Lighting of public space:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • During daytime, natural light facilitates a safe, comfortable, efficient and enjoyable walking experience. During darkness, artificial lighting techniques should light the environment for the particular needs and preferences of pedestrians to maintain that standard of walking experience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                               <\/p>\n

                              Public lighting for pedestrian areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                              \n
                                \n
                              • Effective pedestrian lighting optimizes the amount of useable visibility that is provided. <\/em>Useable visibility relates to the pedestrian behaviors that are intended and desired for an area or route \u2013 it is the nature of those pedestrian activities and locations that should drive determination of the appropriate size, location and intensity of pedestrian lighting. A light which illuminates pedestrians or pedestrian facilities is called pedestrian lighting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                 <\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Three types of pedestrian lighting,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. Primary- \u00a0takes \u00a0care \u00a0of \u00a0all \u00a0lighting \u00a0tasks\/only \u00a0lighting \u00a0(way \u00a0finding, \u00a0security hazards)<\/li>\n
                                  2. Supplementary- \u00a0part \u00a0of \u00a0larger \u00a0lighting \u00a0system\/focused \u00a0lighting( \u00a0way \u00a0finding, lighting possible hazards)<\/li>\n
                                  3. Decorative- Aesthetic purposes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                     <\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Three main factors by which Public lighting in Pedestrian areas can be controlled.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. The angle<\/li>\n
                                      2. The distance<\/li>\n
                                      3. The \u2018size\u2019\u00a0 of\u00a0 t he\u00a0 light\u00a0 source<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

                                         <\/p>\n

                                        1. The angle between the light source and the viewer<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                                        2.\u00a0 The distance between the light source and the lit subject<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                                        \"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        Coloured lighting :<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        \n

                                         <\/p>\n

                                        Colour appearance- <\/strong>Refers to the apparent colour of the emitted light. The colour appearance of lighting can be selected to particularly complement the scene being lit, to create prestigious and attractive effects .<\/p>\n

                                         <\/p>\n

                                        Colour rendering- <\/strong>Refers to the effect that lighting has on the colours of the objects that it illuminates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                                         <\/p>\n

                                        Nuisance of light- <\/strong>through misdirection of illumination creating glare or \u2018spill\u2019 light. \u2018inappropriate lighting\u2019 through over-lighting a location or certain features. Glare occurs when light is seen as too bright, relative to the ambient brightness that the viewer has adapted to, eg when the pedestrian moves rapidly between an area of low luminance and an area of high luminance; \u2018Spill light\u2019 <\/strong>occurs where illumination is provided outside of the target area. Illumination can also spill upwards, creating \u2018sky glow<\/strong>\u2019.<\/p>\n

                                        \n

                                         <\/p>\n

                                        Objectives of outdoor lighting<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                         <\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • Improving the legibility of critical nodes, landmarks, circulations and activity zones in landscapes. Safe movement of pedestrian. Reveal salient features of site at a desired intensity of light<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                           <\/p>\n

                                          Outdoor lighting design principles<\/p>\n

                                           <\/p>\n

                                          1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Orientation<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                           <\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • Lighting Hierarchy:\u00a0 <\/strong>Major \u00a0and \u00a0minor \u00a0roads \u00a0and \u00a0paths \u00a0are \u00a0differentiated. Done by varying height, spacing, color of the lamps, distribution and brightness of the light.<\/li>\n
                                          • Clear Lighting Patterns –<\/strong>Staggered layout of road and pathway lighting tends to obscure rather than reinforce the direction of circulation and the location of intersections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                             <\/p>\n

                                            2.\u00a0 Identification<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                             <\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • Intersection Articulation – <\/strong>Decision points, crossings, arrival points – presence, shape and nature.<\/li>\n
                                            • Placement of Luminaires-\u00a0 <\/strong>Spacing height and distribution patterns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

                                               <\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • Deciding what to light<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                Deciding What to Light and what not to light<\/p>\n

                                                 <\/p>\n

                                                3. Safety<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                • Glare-<\/strong>Visual discomfort. Luminaries location, mounting height, fixture type and lamp intensity should be carefully selected to optimize light distribution and minimize glare.<\/li>\n
                                                • Under lighting- <\/strong>Less lighting is hazardous to protect pedestrians and public open spaces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                  4.\u00a0 Security<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • Walkway Lights \u00a0<\/strong>– \u00a0Enough \u00a0peripheral \u00a0distribution \u00a0to \u00a0immediate \u00a0surroundings. Vertical light distribution over walk way areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                     <\/p>\n

                                                    5.\u00a0 Atmosphere and Character<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                     <\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • Background- <\/strong>Exterior spaces should have a well-defined sense of background. Should be\u00a0 accommodated with\u00a0 peripheral\u00a0 lighting from the walkways, signage, entrances, and other elements relevant to the definition of the space .<\/li>\n
                                                    • Foreground-<\/strong>Foreground spaces \u00a0should \u00a0utilize \u00a0local \u00a0lighting \u00a0which \u00a0produces maximum focus, minimum distractions, and no glare.<\/li>\n
                                                    • Surveillance – <\/strong>Light backgrounds. Highlight the entrances.<\/li>\n
                                                    • Vandalism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                      \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"menu_order":27,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-733","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":735,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/733\/revisions\/735"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/733\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=733"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=733"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/arcp01\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}