{"id":336,"date":"2019-04-02T06:52:18","date_gmt":"2019-04-02T06:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antp16.epgpbooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/?post_type=chapter&p=336"},"modified":"2019-04-02T07:13:52","modified_gmt":"2019-04-02T07:13:52","slug":"strategies-prevention-and-management-of-non-communicable","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in\/antp16\/chapter\/strategies-prevention-and-management-of-non-communicable\/","title":{"rendered":"Strategies, prevention and management of non-communicable"},"content":{"raw":"
\"epgp<\/a>\r\n<\/span><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nContents:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1. Risk factors of NCDs\r\n\r\n1.1. Modifiable behavioural risk factors<\/em>\r\n\r\n1.2. Non-Modifiable behavioural risk factors<\/em>\r\n\r\n1.3. Metabolic risk factors<\/em>\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0 Health Promotion\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0 Surveillance\r\n\r\n4.\u00a0 Prevention and control of NCDs\r\n\r\n4.1. Reducing tobacco use<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.2. Reducing harmful use of alcohol<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.3. Reducing prevalence of physical inactivity<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.4. Reducing salt intake<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.5. Reducing prevalence of raised blood pressure<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.6. Halt the rise in obesity<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.7. Providing drug therapy to prevent heart diseases<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.8. Providing essential medicines to treat NCDs<\/em>\r\n\r\n4.9. Influencing public nutrition (from community intervention to national programmes)<\/em>\r\n\r\n5.\u00a0 Policies, action plans and strategies\r\n\r\n6.\u00a0 Prevention and management of NCDs\r\n\r\n7. The biggest challenges<\/span>\r\n\r\n7.1. Global Burden of NCDs-<\/em>\r\n\r\n7.1.1. Cardiovascular Disease<\/em>\r\n\r\n7.1.2. Diabetes<\/em>\r\n\r\n7.2. NCD and Climate Change<\/em>\r\n\r\nSummary<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 Learning Objectives:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n1.\u00a0 Delineate the risk factors of NCDs.\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0 Discuss the importance of health promotion .\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0 Discuss the importance of surveillance of NCDs.\r\n\r\n4.\u00a0 Elucidate the strategies for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.\r\n\r\n5.\u00a0 Discuss the problems faced in the management and prevention of NCDs.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIntroduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are those diseases which are not caused by infectious agents but are caused and triggered by different habits or lifestyle of a person and are of long duration and progresses slowly. As such, non-communicable diseases can be prevented. Morbidity and mortality from preventable, non-communicable disease threatens the health of our populations and our economies. Both in developed and developing countries NCD\u2019s are the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality accounting for twice as many deaths as that of communicable diseases such as HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria ,etc. accounting for 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths. The recently labeled reason underlying the main causes of NCD are related to lifestyle, such as physical inactivity unhealthy diet, tobacco and alcohol abuse.<\/p>\r\n \r\n

Among the non-communicable diseases cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, are the leading causes of death globally and their key risk factors include use of tobacco, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n

Figure : Number of deaths from NCDs per year in men aged 15-59 years Source: Globalisation and the prevention and control of non-communicable disease: the neglected chronic diseases of adults (R Beaglehole, D Yach)<\/em><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n1. Risk factors of NCDs<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n

People of all age groups- children, adults and the elderly, different regions and countries are at risk of NCDs. Often associated with older age groups, but evidence shows 17 million of all deaths attributed to NCDs occur before the age of 70.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

NCDs are driven by forces including rapid unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population ageing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

1.1. Modifiable behavioural risk factors<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Modifiable behaviours include factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. Annually:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n